512 



EMBRYOLOGY. 



The study of the development of the organ of smell acquires 



additional interest, when 

 one takes into account 

 the comparative - ana- 

 tomical conditions. It 

 is then found that the 

 various stages through 

 which the organ of smell 

 passes during embryonic 

 life, in Mammals for 

 example, have been 

 preserved as permanent 

 conditions in lower 

 classes of Vertebrates. 

 Thus in the case of 

 many groups of Fishes 

 the organ of smell is 

 preserved, as it were, in 

 its initial stage in the 

 form of a pair of pits. 

 Upon closer histological 

 investigation, however, 

 this condition acquires 

 a special interest, be- 

 cause it presents points of comparison with simpler sensory organs 

 which are distri- 

 buted over the in- 

 tegument. As 

 BLAUE especially 

 has shown in a 

 meritorious work, 

 the olfactory 

 nerve does not 

 terminate in this 

 case in a con- 

 tinuous olfactory 



j-U T U ' Fig. 287. Longitudinal section through three olfactory buds from 



epithelium, b the regioolfactoria of Belone. after Bi,u .:. Highly magnified. 



individual, sharply rk, Olfactory bnd ; /. in.UH'.Trnt ciliate epithelium in several 



,. , , layers; , branch of the olfactory nerve. 



differentiated or- 

 gans (fig. 287 ?*&), which, although closely crowded in an indifferent 

 ciliate epithelium (fe), are nevertheless separated from each other. 



Fig. 286. Frontal reconstruction of the oro-pharyngeal 

 cavity of a human embryo (Rg of His) 11-5 mm. long, 

 neck measurement From His, "Menschliche Em- 

 bryonen." Magnified 12 diameters. 



The upper jaw is seen in perspective, the lower jaw in 

 section. The posterior visceral arches are not visible 

 from the outside, since they have moved into the 

 depths of the cervical sinus. 



