30 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



the sides the squamous and mastoid portions of the temporal 

 bones and the tip of the great wing of the sphenoid. 



Turning the skull upside down, observe the base. In the 

 median line at the back is the basal part of the occipital bone, 

 with the foramen magnum and the condyles on either side of it. 

 In front of that are the body and processes of the sphenoid, and 

 the roof of the mouth (or hard palate) bounded by the upper 

 teeth. Tracing forward from the lateral part of the occipital 



FIG. 21. BASE OF SKULL. 



i, 2, 3, Foramina and sutures in hard palate; 4, post-nasal spine; 5, nasal septum; 

 6, 7, 8, Q, 10, n, 12, pterygoid processes, and markings on sphenoid bone; 13, zygo- 

 matic arch; 14, spheno-occipital suture; 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, markings on tem- 

 poral bone; 21, 21, condyles of occipital bone; 22, basal portion of occipital bone; 

 23, foramen magnum; 24, 25, crest and lines of occipital bone. (Sappey.) 



bone is the petrous portion of the temporal, with its sharp styloid 

 process and round opening of the carotid canal; and in front of the 

 temporal is the great wing of the sphenoid. The ethmoid may be 

 seen through the posterior nares where the turbinated bones 

 (better, shell-bones) are all visible. 



Numerous openings or foramina pierce the base of the skull, 



