72 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



Surgical note. This prepatellar burs a is subject to frequent 

 pressure and easily becomes inflamed and enlarged, making the 

 so-called "housemaid's knee." 



Ankle-joint (Hinge- j oin t) . Articular surfaces on the medial 

 and lateral malleoli and the body of the talus. They are connected 

 by anterior, posterior, and lateral ligaments. 



The medial is often called the deltoid ligament, from its shape A like the 

 Greek letter delta, and the lateral ligament is in three distinct bands, the 

 anterior ', middle, and posterior. 



Motions. Flexion, extension, and slight abduction and adduc- 



\\ 



Medial or 

 deltoid 

 ligament 



Plantar ligaments 



FIG. 67. LIGAMENTS OF THE ANKLE-JOINT AND PLANTAR REGION. (Morris.} 



tion; also lifting the medial border, or eversion, and lifting the 

 lateral border, or inversion. 



Notes. The trans-verse ligament is a special band behind the talus, connect- 

 ing the two malleoli, to prevent backward dislocation of the foot in jumping, 

 running, etc. 



There is no motion of the lower extremity which corresponds to supination 

 in the upper, the whole extremity being in the permanently pronated position, 

 which brings the great toe toward the median line of the body, or on the 

 medial border of the foot. (The thumb is on the lateral border of the hand.) 



Tarsal joints. An inter osseous ligament connects the talus to the 

 calcaneus; it is the strongest one in the body. Short fibrous bands 



