132 



ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



forms a special fold underneath the tip of the tongue connecting 

 it with the floor; this fold is called the frenum lingua. When the 

 frenum is short we say the tongue is "tied." 



A little clip with the scissors is often sufficient to free it, but this is done 

 with care as an artery runs forward very near the frenum. 



Septum . 



Nostril 



Anterior naris 



Hard palate 



Anterior palatine 



arch 



Recess 

 Posterior palatine 



arch 



Tongue 



FIG. ioo. THE ORAL CAVITY. (Deaver.) 



The dor sum, or superior surface of the tongue, is covered with 

 small projections called papilla, of three sizes the vallate, the 

 largest, forming a V-shaped row at the back; the fungiform, next 

 in size, scattered over the surface but most numerous at the tip and 

 sides, and bright red in color; and the filiform, the smallest, cover- 

 ing the anterior two-thirds of the dorsum and borders (Fig. 101). 



The tongue aids in mastication and swallowing, or deglutition. 

 It is also an important organ of speech and the principal organ of 

 taste. 



