OPENINGS OF PHARYNX 



135 



The upper part of the pharynx is behind the nose and is called the 

 nasal part, ornaso-pharynx. The middle part is behind the mouth 

 and is called the oral part, or oro-pharynx. (It is this part which we 

 see when looking directly into the throat.) The lower part is behind 

 the larynx and is called the laryngeal part, or the laryngo-pharynx. 



The openings of the pharynx are seven in number: the two 

 choana (posterior nares) communicating with the nose; the two 



Orbic. oris muscle 



Special ligament 



Mylo-hyo'd muscle 



TTvoid bon 



Thyro-hyoid 



membrane ; 



Thyroid cartilage 



Cricoid cartilage 

 Trachea 



Esophagus 



FIG. 102. THE PHARYNX. (Holden.) 



auditory (Eustachian) tubes communicating with the ears, and the 

 isthmus of the fauces, communicating with the mouth. Below, it 

 communicates with the larynx (the opening being guarded by the 

 epiglottis) and opens into the esophagus. 



The food passes through the oro-pharynx and laryngo-pharynx, 

 the naso-pharynx being an air-passage. 



In the roof of the pharynx is a small mass of lymphoid tissue called the 

 pharyngeal tonsil. If hypertrophied it forms an adenoid tumor or "adenoid" 



THE ESOPHAGUS 



The esophagus (Figs. 102, 99) begins at the lower end of the 

 pharynx and extends downward in the neck in front of the spinal 



