THE HIP-JOINT. 



341 



Anterior inferior 

 iliac spine 



a certain proportion of them may be traced to the inferior aspect of the femoral 

 neck, where they adjoin the distal attachment of the ilio-femoral ligament. 



(3) Lig. Ischiocapsulare. The ischio-capsular ligament consists of a broad 

 band of short, fairly strong longitudinal fibres, which, by their proximal ends, 

 are attached to the ischium between the lesser sciatic notch and the obturator 

 foramen, while their distal ends become merged in the zona orbicularis of the general 

 capsule. 



Within the capsule, and quite distinct from it, there are the ligamentum teres 

 and the Haver sian gland. 



Lig. Teres Femoris. The round ligament (Fig. 315) is a strong, somewhat 

 flattened band of fibrous tissue, attached by one end to the superior half of the pit 

 or depression on the 

 head of the femur. 

 By its medial end it 

 is attached to the 

 lower edge of the 

 articular surface of 

 the transverse liga- 

 ment, with exten- 

 sions to the opposite 

 borders of the 

 acetabular notch, 

 but chiefly to the 

 posterior or ischial 

 border. This liga- 

 ment varies very 

 greatly in its 

 strength and de- 

 velopment in differ- 

 ent subjects, and in 

 certain rare cases it 

 ; is absent. 



The so-called 

 Haversian gland 

 occupies the bottom 

 or non-articular area 

 of the acetabulum. 

 It consists of a mass 

 of fat covered by -the 

 synovial stratum of 



' the joint. This pad of fat is continuous with the extra-capsular fat through the 

 passage subjacent to the transverse ligament of the acetabulum. 



A synovial stratum lines the fibrous stratum of the capsule from which it is 



reflected to the neck of the femur along a line which corresponds to the femoral 



attachments of the fibrous stratum. Thus the synovial stratum. clothes more of the 



'femoral neck anteriorly than in any other position. Posteriorly, where the fibrous 



: stratum is feebly attached to the neck of the femur, the synovial stratum may be 



seen from the outside of the capsule. The synovial stratum extends close up to 



'bhe articular margin of the head of the femur, and on the superior and inferior 



ispects of the neck it is gathered into loose folds upon the retinacula. These 



folds or plicae synoviales are best marked along the line of synovial reflection, and 



lo not reach as far as the femoral head. At its acetabular end the synovial 



stratum is prolonged from the inside of the capsule to the outer non-articular 



surface of the labrum glenoidale and transverse ligament, upon which it is 



iontinued as a lining for their acetabular or articular surfaces, and further, it pro- 



I rides a covering for the fat at the bottom of the acetabular fossa, as well as a 



Complete tubular investment for the ligamentum teres femoris. 



Occasionally the synovial bursa, which is subjacent to the tendon of the ilio- 

 )soas muscle, communicates with the interior of the hip-joint through an opening 



Pubo-capsular ligament 



FIG. 316. DISSECTION OF THE HIP- JOINT FROM THE FRONT. 



