346 



THE AKTICULATIONS OE JOINTS. 



forwards subjacent to this ligament and proximal to the head of the fibula. 

 Unlike the tibial collateral ligament, it is not attached to the corresponding 

 meniscus. 



The ligamentum laterale externum breve sen posterius (Fig. 317) is an inconstant structure 

 which is attached by its proximal end immediately behind the preceding, and subjacent to 

 the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. It likewise passes superficial to the popliteal 

 tendon, and is affixed distally to the apex capituli of the fibula. 



The intra-articular structures of the knee-joint are more important and more 

 numerous than in any other joint of the body. 



Ligamenta Cruciata Genu. The cruciate ligaments (O.T. crucial ligaments) 

 are two strong, rounded, tendinous bands, which extend from the non-articular area 



Tendon of insertion of 



adductor magnus 



muscle (cut) 



Popliteal surface of femur 



Anterior cruciate ligament 



Tendon of popliteus muscle 

 (cut) 



Accessory attachment 

 of lateral meniscus 



Medial meniscus 



Lateral meniscus 



Posterior cruciate __ 

 ligament 



Groove on tibia for tendon 

 of popliteus muscle 

 Proximal portion of cap- 

 sule of proximal tibio- 

 fibular articulation 

 Fibular collateral liga- 

 ment of knee-joint 



Posterior proximal tibio- 

 iibular ligament 



Head of fibula 



Tendon of semi-membranosus 

 muscle (cut) 



Tibial collateral ligament 

 of knee-joint 



Popliteal surface of tibia 



FIG. 319. THE KNEE-JOINT OPENED FROM BEHIND BY THE REMOVAL OF THE POSTERIOR LIGAMENT. 



on the proximal surface of the head of the tibia to the non-articular sides of the 

 intercondyloid notch of the femur. These interarticular ligaments are distinguished 

 from each other as the anterior or lateral and the posterior or medial. They 

 cross each other like the limbs of an X, yet they remain distinct throughout, 

 and each has its own partial synovial covering. They lie within the articular 

 capsule, and extend between non-articular surfaces in relation to the longitudinal 

 axis of the limb. 



The ligamentum cruciatum anterius (Figs. 317, 319, and 320) is attached distally 

 to the medial part of the rough, depressed area in front of and close to the inter- 

 condyloid eminence of the tibia. It passes obliquely proximally, laterally, and 

 backwards to the medial non-articular surface of the lateral condyle, where it 

 finds attachment far back in the posterior part of the intercondyloid notch. This 



