1148 



THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 



2. In the neck, on each side, it is in contact with the superior part of the thyreoid 

 gland, the carotid sheath, and especially the common and external carotid arteries, 

 and, more posteriorly, the internal carotids. 



The branches arising from the inferior part of the external carotid are also in 

 close relation to the pharyngeal wall, viz., the superior thyreoid and lingual arteries 

 in the lower part, while the external maxillary artery, as it passes under the 

 digastric and stylo-hyoid muscles, comes into contact with the superior constrictor ; 

 and the ascending pharyngeal artery runs upwards by the side of the pharyngeal wall. 



3. The relations of the cranial portion are more complex, but are of great 

 importance. Eeference to Fig. 906 will help to elucidate them. At the upper 



Internal jugular vein 

 Accessory nerve 

 Digastric muscle 



Stylo-hyoid 

 Glosso- 



pharyngeal nerve 



Parotid gland 



Posterior facial 



vein 



External carotid 

 artery 



Styloglossus 



Ascending 



palatine artery 



Internal pterygoid 

 Epiglottis 



Glosso-epiglottic 

 fold 



Hypoglossal nerve 



Internal carotid artery 

 Vagus nerve 



Sympathetic trunk 



Ascending pharyngeal artery 

 Dens 



Pharyngeal portion 

 of tongue 



Retro-pharyngeal 

 lymph gland 



Superior 

 constrictor muscle 



Pharyngo-palatine 

 arch 



Palatine tonsil 



Pharyngo-epiglottic 

 fold 



Glosso-palatine 

 arch 



Vallate papillae 



Raphe of tongue 



Conical papilla; 



Fungiform papilla 

 Buccinator 



Fungiform papilla 



PIG. 906. HORIZONTAL SECTION THROUGH MOUTH AND PHARYNX AT THE LEVEL OF THE PALATINE TONSILS. 



The stylopharyngeus, which is shown immediately to the medial side of the external carotid artery, and the 

 prevertebral muscles, are not indicated by reference lines. 



part, the wall of the pharynx is related to the internal pterygoid muscles, separated 

 from, them by the levator and tensor veli palatini muscles. As each internal pterygoid 

 passes posteriorly and downwards to its insertion, it diverges away from the pharynx, 

 and a triangular space is left between its medial surface and the wall of the pharynx. 

 The styloid process, and the muscles which arise from it, project downwards into 

 this space, and lying beside them are numerous vessels and some nerves. Thus, 

 the styloglossus and stylopharyngeus come into contact with the side wall, and, with 

 the stylo-pharyngeus, the glosso- pharyngeal nerve. The ascending palatine and 

 tonsillar branches of the external maxillary artery ascend in close relation to 

 the pharyngeal wall. 



The internal carotid artery lies rather further back, with the vagus, accessory 

 and hypoglossal nerves. 



