RELATIONS AND CONNEXIONS OF THE STOMACH. 1171 



kipex-ior part of the pancreas to the first part of the duodenum. It encloses the hepatic 

 

 ize and Capacity Of the Stomach. Probably no organ in the body varies more 

 } within the limits of health than the stomach. Moreover, as its tissues change so 

 apidly after death, measurements made on softened and relaxed organs are not only 

 vorthless but quite misleading. Consequently it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to arrive 

 it a correct estimate of its size and capacity. 



The length of the stomach in the fully distended condition is about 10 to 11 inches 

 25 to 27'5 cm.), and its greatest diameter not more than 4 to 4J inches (10 to 11 -2 cm.) ; 

 " ilst its capacity in the average state rarely exceeds 40 ounces, or 1 quart. 





6th costal cartilage - 



rth costal cartilage- 

 Lig. teres' 



8th costal cartilage' 

 Gall-bladder' 

 costal cartilage 1 

 Liver- 

 costal cartilage' 



Duodenum' 

 it flexure of colon ' 

 Kidney 



Ileunu- 

 Vermiform process.-. 



Xiphoid process 

 ,.6th costal cartilage 



'Ttli costal cartilage 



i "-Stomach 

 8th costal cartilage 

 Transverse colon 

 9th costal cartilage 



-10th costal cartilage 

 Duodeno-jejunal 

 flexure 



"Kidney 



Descending colon 

 Mesentery, (cut) 



Bifurcation of abdominal 

 'aorta 



Iliac colon 

 Pelvic colon 



-Urinary bladder 



FIG. 922. THE COURSE OF THE LARGE INTESTINE. The jejunum and ileum have been removed. 



The length has been estimated by different authorities at from 10 to 13i inches (26 to 34 

 cm.) ; its diameter, from 3| to 6 inches (8 to 15 cm.) ; and its capacity from l| to 5 pints. The 

 measurements of the capacity given by Dr. Sidney Martin are probably the most accurate : he 

 states that the capacity varies between 9 and 59 oz., with an average of from 35 to 40, or a little 

 1 over a litre. 



The distance in a direct line from the cardiac to the pyloric orifice varies from 3 to 5 inches 

 i (7 '5 to 12 '5 cm.), and that from the cardia to the summit of the fundus from 2^ to 4 inches 

 i (6-2 to 10-0 cm.). 



As regards the weight, the average of twelve wet specimens freed from their omenta was 

 found to be 4| oz. (135 grms.), with a maximum of 7 oz. (198 '45 grms,) and a minimum of. 

 3 cz. (99-22 grms.). Glendinning gives the weight as 4^ oz. 



In the child at birth the stomach is scarcely as large as a small hen's egg, and its 

 capacity is about 1 oz. (28-3 grms.). In shape it corresponds pretty closely to that of 

 the adult, and the fundus is well developed. It is vertical in position. 



Displaced Stomach (Fig. 918). As a result of disease, or of constriction of the 

 superior part of the abdomen, the stomach is occasionally displaced in position and distorted 

 in shape, so that instead of running obliquely forwards, downwards, and to the right, 

 it is placed nearly vertically along the left side of the vertebral column, in which direction 

 t has a very considerable length. Its inferior part bends rather suddenly, and runs upwards 



75 a 



