beco 



EVELOPMENT OF OESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND INTESTINES. 1251 



me differentiated later on. In the stomach the formation of the glands begins 

 about the end of the third month. 



The intestinal glands of the large intestine represent merely furrows between adjacent 

 elevations, and are not due to an active proliferation of cells at the base of the furrows, 

 and hence a distinction may be drawn between the two, and be expressed by using the 

 term intestinal glands for the depressions of the small intestine and intestinal follicles for 

 those of the large intestine. 



According to v. Nagy, whose description has been followed above, the glandular 

 epithelium of the gastric glands begins to assume its differentiated form in different parts, 

 i.e. cardiac and pyloric glands, towards the fifth month of development. 



Csecum and Vermiform Process. The csecum first appears in the embryo, at about 

 the fifth week, as a small outgrowth of the wall of the primitive gut (midgut), not 

 yet differentiated into small and large intestines. At this time the outgrowth is of the 



Ven. cav. inf.- 

 Diaphragm (cut)- 



Fossa for liver- 



Gl. suprarenalis 



V. cava inferior 

 V. portse 

 Pylorus 



Kidney 



Duodenum 

 Fiex. coli dextra' 

 Colon ascendens- 

 Mesenterium (cut) 

 Ileum 

 Csecum- 



Mesenteriolum proc. - 



verm. 



Spina iliaca ant. sup. - 



3 rocessus vermiformis- 



Right iliac fossa 



Vesica urinaria (cut) 



Pericardium 



Omentum minus 

 Curvatura minor 



Vessels in omentum minus 

 Spleen 



A. hepatica propria 

 Incisura angularis 



Pars pylorica 



-Lig. gastro-colicum (cut) 



-Mesocolon trans versum 

 -Loop of colon transversum 

 -Colon transversum 



- V. cava inferior 

 Pelvic mesocolon 

 Loop on iliac colon 

 Ureter 



Pelvic colon 

 A. umbilicalis 



FIG. 973. THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE NEWLY BORN CaiLD. The liver and the jejunum and ileum 

 have been removed. The vertical stomach, the large supra-renal gland, the high position of the caecum, 

 and the whole arrangement of the large intestine are typical of the condition found at birth, and differ, 

 as can be seen, largely from the adult condition. 



same size throughout, and is practically equal to the intestines in diameter. About the 

 eleventh week, whilst the large and small bowels are still of the same width, it has 

 increased very considerably in length (being equal to about five times the diameter of the 

 small intestine, and thus being relatively as long as in the adult) ; but even at this early 

 date the basal portion, for about one-fifth of its length, is quite as wide as the intestine, 

 whilst the remaining four-fifths of the outgrowth the future vermiform process is only 

 about one-half or one-third the diameter of the gut. From this it is seen that the distal 

 portion of the outgrowth, which subsequently becomes the vermiform process, begins to 

 lag behind even at this early period of its development. 



The basal portion continues to expand with the gut ; the distal part grows rapidly 

 enough in length, but otherwise enlarges very slowly, so that, towards the end of foetal 

 life, the csecum has attained a conical shape, the wider end joining the ascending colon, 

 the narrow end tapering gradually and passing into the vermiform process. This form, 

 known as the infantile type of caecum, is retained for some time after birth, or even may 

 (in 2 or 3 per cent, of cases) persist throughout life. 



As early as the sixth or seventh month of foetal life the wall of the terminal portion 

 of the small intestine adheres to the medial side of the csecum for some distance below the 

 ileo-csecal orifice. And that connexion, which is rendered more intimate by the passage 



