THE BACK. 



1441 



centre of the iliac crest. This angle is situated behind the superior part of the 

 descending colon, immediately lateral to the middle of the lateral border of the 

 kidney. The anterior angle is at the level of the ninth interspace in the mid- 

 axillary line. Having placed a mark on the skin opposite these three angles the 

 organ is mapped out on the surface as follows : The posterior margin is obtained 

 by joining the posterior and inferior angles ; this margin, which gives the key to 

 the position of the spleen, will be found to follow the tenth intercostal space. 

 The short inferior margin corresponds to a line joining the anterior and the 



Oblique fissure of lung 



Superior lobe of lung -.__ 



Diaphragm -- 

 Liver ... 



Diaphragm 



Stomach 



Cut surface of base of lung 



Spleen 



Greater omen turn 



Section of tenth rib opposite costo- 

 diaphragmatic reflection of the pleu 

 (indicated by dotted line) 



11. DISSECTION OF THE LEFT HYPOCHONDRIUM TO SHOW THE EELATIONS OF THE SPLEEN TO THE 

 SIDE WALL OF THE CHEST, THE DIAPHRAGM, AND THE ADJACENT VISCERA. In addition to the 

 portions of ribs, there has been removed a part of the base of the left lung, and a window has been made 

 in the diaphragm almost down to the level of the costo-diaphragmatic reflection of the pleura. 



inferior angles; it is related to the left flexure of the colon. Commencing at 

 the vertebral angle, the anterior margin is at first arched, the summit of the arch 

 reaching to the level of the upper border of the ninth rib in the scapular line ; 

 thence it is continued downwards and 'forwards across the posterior axillary line 

 as the " anterior crenated border " to the anterior angle. The upper arched portion 

 s parallel to and about one inch below the highest part of the fundus of the 



/omach. The only parts of the splenic outline which can be defined by percus- 

 i are the lower crenated part of the anterior margin, the anterior angle, and the 



iort postero-inferior or colic border ; and it is these parts which may be felt below 

 the costal margin when the organ is considerably enlarged. 



Q9 



