CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE. 



I. INTRODUCTION 1 



II. LEAVES 5 



III. STEMS II 



IV. ROOTS 71 



V. GERMINATION OF Si 84 



VI. ALG^ .98 



VII. FUNGI 129 



VIII. LIVERWORTS 165 



IX. MOSSES 175 



X . -FERNS 183 



XI. IlnlfSKTAILS AND CLUK-MI .s ..... 197 



XII. GYMNOSPERMS 207 



XIII. ANGIOSPERMS 220 



XIV. FLOWERS AND INSECTS 212 



XV. SEED DISPERSAL ........ -'>"> 



XVI. MONOCOTYLEDONS -<>- 



XVII. DICOTYLEDONS: ARCHICHLAMYDE.E .... 282 



XVIII. DICOTYLEDONS : SYMPETAL.E 302 



XIX. PLANT-BREEDING 316 



XX FORESTRY 320 



X X I. PLANT ASSOCIATIONS ....... 324 



XXII. HYDROPHYTES 328 



XXIII. XEROPHYTES 337 



XXIV. MESOPHYTES 345 



INDEX . 357 



