ANGIOSPERMS 



called the Leguminosce, a legume being a special kind of 

 pod (Fig. 229). When a pod is derived from a compound 

 pistil, forming a fruit of several cham- 

 bers, it is more commonly called a cap- 

 sule; and capsules differ from one an- 

 other in the way the chambers are 

 opened (Fig. 230). 



b. Indehiscent fruits. The most com- 

 mon form of dry fruits that do not open 

 is that in which the modified ovary wall 

 invests the solitary seed so closely that 

 the fruit looks like a seed, and is com- 

 monly called a seed. The grain of cere- 

 als is such a seed-like fruit, as is also the 

 akene of sun-flowers, dandelions, etc. 

 (Fig. 231). 



(2) FLESHY FRUITS. In some cases 

 the whole ovary becomes a thin-skinned 

 pulpy mass in which the seeds are em- 

 bedded, as the grape, currant, gooseberry, tomato, etc., 

 such a fruit being a berry. . Modifications of the berry are 

 seen in such fruits as the orange 

 and the lemon, in which the skin 

 is leathery; and in such fruits as 

 melons and pumpkins, which be- 

 come covered with a hard rind. 

 Very distinct from these are the 

 stone-fruits (drupes), as peach, plum, 

 cherry, etc., in which the ovary wall 

 ripens in two layers, the inner one 

 being very hard, forming the "stone/ 7 

 and the outer one being pulpy (Fig. 

 232). In general, fleshy fruits do not 



open; but the banana is a peculiar fleshy fruit that de- 

 hisces. 



Fro. 231. Akene of 

 dandelion, which ta- 

 pers above into a 

 long beak bearing a 

 tuft of hairs. After 

 GRAY. 



Fro. 232. Section of peach, 

 showing pulp and stone 

 formed from ovary wall 

 and enclosing the seed 

 (kernel). After GRAY. 



