188 ACTION OF SALTS. 



ANTISEPTIC AND GERMICIDAL VALUE OF VARIOUS SALTS, 

 ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. 



Alum. : Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 222 (Miquel). 



Aluminum Acetate. According to De la Croix, this salt is an 

 antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 6,310. Kuhn found it to be anti- 

 septic in 1 : 5,250. 



Aluminum Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 714 

 (Miquel). 



Ammonium Carbonate. When present in the proportion of 

 1 : 125 it restrains the development of typhoid bacilli, and in five 

 hours' time it kills these bacilli in the proportion of 1 : 100 ; the 

 cholera spirillum is killed in the same time by 1 : 77 (Kitasato). 



Ammonium Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:0 

 (Miquel). A five-per-cent solution does not kill anthrax spores in 

 twenty-five days (Koch). 



Ammonium Fluosilicate. The bacillus of anthrax and of ty- 

 phoid fever fail to grow in nutrient gelatin containing 1 : 1,000, and 

 a two-per-cent solution kills anthrax spores in one-quarter to three- 

 quarters of an hour (Faktor). 



Ammonium Sulphate. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1:4 

 (Miquel). A five-per-cent solution failed in two days to kill an- 

 thrax spores, but was effective in five days (Koch). 



Barium Chloride is an antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 10 

 (Miquel). 



Calcium Chloride is an antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 25 

 (Miquel). A saturated solution does not destroy anthrax spores 

 (Koch). 



Calcium Hypochlorite. This is a powerful germicidal agent 

 and has great value as a practical disinfectant. Good chloride of 

 lime contains from twenty-five to thirty per cent of available chlo- 

 rine as hypochlorite. The experiments made by the Committee on 

 Disinfectants of the American Public Health Association in 1885 

 showed that a solution containing 0.25 per cent of chlorine as hypo- 

 chlorite is an effective germicide, even when allowed to act only 

 for one or two minutes. In Bolton's experiments a solution of chlo- 

 ride of lime of 1 :2,000 (available chlorine 0.015) destroyed the ty- 

 phoid bacillus and the cholera spirillum in two hours. For the de- 

 struction of anthrax spores a one-per-cent solution was required 

 (available chlorine 0.3 per cent). Nissen found that the typhoid 

 bacillus and the cholera spirillum are destroyed with certainty in 

 five minutes by a solution containing 0.12 percent, anthrax bacilli 

 in one minute by 0. 1 per cent, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus in 

 one minute by 0.2 per cent, anthrax spores in thirty minutes by a 



