ACTION OF SALTS. 180 



five-per-cent solution and in seventy minutes by a one-per-cent solu- 

 tion. Experiments made by the same author upon the sterilization 

 of f aeces showed that 0. 5 per cent to one per cent could be relied upon 

 to destroy the typhoid bacillus or the cholera spirillum in faeces in 

 ten minutes. 



Chloral Hydrate. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 107 (Mi- 

 quel). A twenty-per*cent solution destroys pus cocci in two hours 

 (Sternberg). 



Cupric Chloride. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 1,428 

 (Miquel). 



Cupric Sulphate. Antiseptic in the proportion of 1 : 111 (Mi- 

 quel). Kills the cholera spirillum in the proportion of 1 : 3,000 in 

 ten minutes (Nicati and Rietsch). Destroys the cholera spirillum in 

 bouillon cultures in less than half an hour in 1 : 600, and in four 

 hours in 1 : 1,000 ; cultures in blood serum require 1 : 200 (Van Er- 

 mengem). A solution of 1 : 20 kills the typhoid bacillus in ten min- 

 utes (Leitz). This salt failed, in the writer's experiments, to kill the 

 spores of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis in two hours' time 

 in a twenty-per-cent solution. In Koch's experiments a five-per-cent 

 solution failed to kill anthrax spores in ten days. Kills pus micro- 

 cocci in two hours in the proportion of 1 : 200 (Sternberg). In Bol- 

 ton's experiments made for the Gommittee on Disinfectants of the 

 American Public Health Association the following results were ob- 

 tained: Recent cultures in bouillon, time of exposure two hours : Ba- 

 cillus of typhoid fever, 1 : 200; cholera spirillum, 1 : 500; Bacillus pyo- 

 cyanus, 1 :200; Brieger's bacillus, 1 :200; Emmerich's bacillus, 1 : 200; 

 Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, 1 : 100 ; Staphylococcus pyogenes 

 citreus, 1 : 100; Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, 1 : 200; Streptococcus 

 pyogenes, 1 : 500. When ten per cent of dried egg albumin was 

 added to a recent culture in bouillon of the typhoid bacillus the 

 amount required to insure sterilization was 1 : 10. 



In the report of the Committee on Disinfectants of the American 

 Public Health Association this agent is recommended in " a solu- 

 tion of two to five per cent for the destruction of infectious material 

 not containing spores." The experimental data above given show 

 that this is a liberal allowance for material which does not contain 

 an excessive amount of albumin. In the experiments of Leitz the 

 typhoid bacillus in cultures was destroyed in ten minutes by a five- 

 per-cent solution. 



Ferric Chloride. A five-per-cent solution failed in two days to 

 destroy anthrax spores, but was effective in five days (Koch). 



Ferrous Sulphate. In the writer's experiments (1883) a solution 

 of twenty per cent failed to destroy micrococci and putrefactive bac- 

 teria. In a more recent experiment ten per cent failed to kill pus 



