PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 



centimetre of this first vaccine; for a larger animal, from 0.3 to 0.5 

 cubic centimetre. The second inoculation was made twelve days 

 after the first, with a virus which killed three-fourths of the Ziesel- 

 mause and from one-third to one-half of the rabbits inoculated with it. 

 Numerous experiments convinced Cenkowski that no change occurred 

 in the virulence of his different vaccines when they were carried 

 through a series of mice or of earless marmots (Zieselmause) . 



Hess reports that the anthrax inoculations made by Chauveau's 

 method in the Canton Bern, during the years 1886, 1887, and 1888, 

 were not attended with any losses either from the inoculations or from 

 subsequent attacks of anthrax among the inoculated animals (cattle?). 

 In all, two hundred and fifty-three animals were inoculated during the 

 three years specified. 



Hutyra (1890) has reported upon anthrax inoculations by Pasteur's 

 method, as carried out under the regulations of the Government in 

 1889. The number of horses inoculated was 130, 2 of which died of 

 anthrax at a later date not as a result of the inoculation. This gives 

 a percentage of loss of 1.35, which is much below the usual rate with- 

 out protective inoculations. Three thousand two hundred and sev- 

 enty-nine cattle, belonging to 32 different estates, were inoculated. 

 Of these 11 died from anthrax, and 2 of these as a result of the first 

 inoculation. Deducting these 2 the loss was 0.27 per cent, whereas 

 in former years the losses in the same herds had been from 6 to 

 12 per cent. Twenty -two thousand seven hundred and sixty- 

 seven sheep were inoculated on 23 different estates. One hundred 

 and sixty-two of these died from the first inoculation and 59 within 

 twelve days after the second inoculation. In the course of the year 

 432 of the inoculated animals died from anthrax in all a loss of 

 2.18 per cent. In the absence of protective inoculations the annual 

 loss in these flocks had been about 10 per cent. It was found that 

 lambs four months old could be inoculated with the same dose as the 

 older sheep, and without any greater loss as a result of the operation. 



The result of anthrax inoculations made in France by Pasteur's 

 method during the twelve years ending in 1894 have been sum- 

 marized by Chamberland. The veterinarians who made the inocula- 

 tions were each year called upon to answer the following questions : 

 1. Number of animals inoculated. 2. Number of deaths from first 

 inoculation. 3. Number of animals dying within twelve days after 

 second inoculation. 4. Number of animals dying of anthrax within 

 a year after protective inoculations. 5. The yearly average loss 

 before inoculations were practised. The total number of animals 

 inoculated during the period to which this report refers was 1,788,- 



