308 



PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 



" Further observations are necessary to prove whether the inoculations as 

 now practised will prove of lasting 1 benefit ; the results obtained in Gaya jail 

 seem to me to justify the conclusion that their temporary beneficial effect is 

 undoubted. 



"I have been informed by M. Haffkine that he proposes to introduce a 

 certain modification of his method, with the object of affording- protection to 

 patients during- the ten days necessary for the action of his vaccines. I think 

 there is every reason to believe that better results would have been obtained 

 here had the inoculations been performed at an earlier period instead of dur- 

 ing- the epidemic." 



In a paper published in the British Medical Journal (January 26th, 

 1895), Haffkine gives the following summary of his inoculations in 

 India : 



" TABLE SHOWING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS ON WHOM OB- 

 SERVATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE IN CALCUTTA, GAYA, CAWNPORE, 

 AND LUCKNOW. 



Other methods of producing immunity in man have been proposed, 

 and experiments indicate that this may be accomplished through the 

 digestive tract by the ingestion of considerable quantities of steril- 

 ized cultures. Thus Klemperer (1892) has obtained results which 

 seem to show that immunity in man may be induced, not only by the 

 subcutaneous injection of virulent cultures, but also by the subcuta- 

 neous injection of the milk of immunized goats and by the ingestion of 

 cultures sterilized by heat. The degree of immunity, as determined 

 by the activity of the blood serum of the immune individual for the 

 protection of guinea-pigs, is considerably less, however, than when 

 repeated injections of virulent cultures have been made. The blood 

 serum of individuals made immune by the last-mentioned method is 

 said by Klernperer to protect guinea-pigs when injected into the cav- 

 ity of the abdomen in the dose of 0.005 cubic centimetre. And the 

 injection of five cubic centimetres of milk from an immunized goat is 

 said to confer such an immunity that 0.25 cubic centimetre of blood 

 serum from the immune individual is sufficient to protect a guinea-pig 

 from cholera cultures. 



Sawtschenko and Sabolotny (1893), as a result of a series of ex- 

 periments made upon themselves and laboratory assistants, arrive at 

 the following conclusions : 



