338 PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 



In the Bulletin of the Central Society of Veterinary Medicine of May 

 24th, 1894, M. Kobcis reports the results of inoculations made with 

 cultures of Arloing's Pneumobacillus liquefaciens bovis, and with in- 

 jections of pulmonary serum. His statistics with reference to the 

 last-mentioned "legal" inoculations he has obtained from official 

 documents relating to the Department of the Seine. 



The total number of infected localities in this department during 

 the years 1885 to 1891 was 1,253; total number of contaminated ani- 

 mals, 18,356 ; total number inoculated, 18,359 ; total number of deaths 

 prior to inoculation, 1,753; total number of deaths after inoculation, 

 2,741; total number of deaths due to the inoculation, 94; total per- 

 centage of mortality, 22.8 per cent. After discussing these and other 

 statistics Robcis arrives at the conclusion that Arloing's method of 

 preventive inoculations with cultures of the Pneumobacillus liquefaciens 

 bovis gives better results than the legal method with serum from an 

 infected animal, the total loss among animals exposed to contagion 

 not being over twelve to fourteen per cent. 



Nocard (1892) says that serum from the lungs of an animal dead 

 from pleuro-pneumonia preserves its virulence and usefulness as a 

 vaccine, when mixed with half a volume of pure neutral glycerin and 

 half a volume of a five-per-cent solution of carbolic acid. At the end 

 of two and a half months this mixture preserved its full virulence. 



PNEUMONIA. 



The micrococQus of croupous pneumonia was discovered by the 

 present writer in the blood of rabbits inoculated subcutaneously with 

 his own saliva in September, 1880. In 1885 this micrococcus, which 

 I had repeatedly obtained in pure cultures from the blood of rabbits 

 inoculated, as in the first instance, with my own saliva,' was identified 

 with the micrococcus of the same form present in the rusty sputum 

 of patients with pneumonia. In a paper read before the Pathological 

 Society of Philadelphia, in April, 1885, and published in the Ameri- 

 can Journal of Medical Sciences on July 1st of the same year, I say : 



"It seems probable that this micrococcus is concerned in the etiology of 

 croupous pneumonia, and that the infectious nature of the disease is due to 

 its presence in the fibrinous exudate into the pulmonary alveoli." 



This has since been fully established by the researches of Frankel, 

 Weichselbaum, Netter, Gameleia, and many others. Frankel first 

 discovered this micrococcus in his own salivary secretions in 1883, 

 and his first paper relating to its presence in the exudate of croupous 

 pneumonia was published on July 13th, 1885, i.e., thirteen days after 



