PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 347 



culture of this streptococcus, or to cause the disease to run a chronic 

 course, with formation of abscesses and final recovery. 



In this connection we may call attention to the experiments of 

 Emmerich (1886), which show that the fatal course of anthrax infec- 

 tion, in rabbits, may be arrested by the subcutaneous or intravenous 

 injection of this streptococcus. Subsequent experiments by Emmerich 

 and de Mattei (1887) showed that eleven hours after such an injection 

 the anthrax bacilli were all dead and were already undergoing degen- 

 erative changes. 



Emmerich and his associates (1894) have reported numerous addi- 

 tional experiments which show that the blood serum of a rabbit which 

 is suffering from streptococcus septicaemia (third day), when filtered 

 through a Pasteur-Chamberland filter to remove all living cocci, may 

 be used with success in arresting anthrax infection in rabbits. The 

 filtered serum was given four hours after the anthrax infection in the 

 dose of twenty-five cubic centimetres in the peritoneal cavity and fif- 

 teen cubic centimetres subcutaneously. This was repeated the fol- 

 lowing da3 T at nine o'clock in the morning and five o'clock in the 

 evening, and again on the third day in the morning. Favorable re- 

 sults were also obtained by using in the same way blood serum from 

 a sheep infected with the streptococcus. 



Cobbett (1894) reports success in immunizing rabbits by means of 

 attenuated varieties of the streptococcus or by filtered cultures. Also 

 that cutaneous erysipelas, produced by inoculation, after recovery 

 leaves the patient immune from a repetition of the local inflammatory 

 process as a result of a subsequent inoculation, and also confers a gen- 

 eral immunity against streptococcus infection. But this immunity is 

 of short duration, not lasting longer than a few weeks. Inoculation 

 in the ear of a rabbit, protected by a previous inoculation in the same 

 locality, is followed by an inflammatory reaction ; but this is of brief 

 duration and has disappeared before the erysipelatous inflammation 

 produced in a control is well under way. 



SYMPTOMATIC ANTHRAX. 



This disease of cattle is popularly known as " black leg, " or " quar- 

 ter evil," and is described by German authors under the name of 

 Raitschbrand French, " cltarboii syiiiptomatiqm." The disease pre- 

 vails during the summer months in various parts of Europe, and to 

 some extent in the United States. It is characterized by the appear- 

 ance of irregular, emphysematous swellings of the subcutaneous tis- 

 sues and muscles, especially over the quarters. The muscles in the 



