350 PROTECTIVE INOCULATIONS. 



Roux (1888) lias shown by experiment that sterilized cultures of 

 the bacillus, which have been exposed to a temperature of 115 C., 

 when injected in doses of forty cubic centimetres, three times repeated, 

 into the cavity of the abdomen of guinea-pigs, cause these animals to 

 be completely immune against the most virulent material. Cultures 

 from which the bacilli have been separated by filtration are still more 

 active. And immunity could easily be conferred by the subcutaneous 

 inoculatioD, in guinea-pigs, of one cubic centimetre of the. filtrate from 

 the serum obtained from the cedematous tissues of a diseased animal. 



Schuhanka (1888) has reported the results of inoculations made 

 in the dukedom of Salzburg during the year 1887. In all 2,596 cattle 

 were inoculated once, and 2,472 twice, with an attenuated virus, in 

 forty -seven different parishes. Most of these were from six months 

 to a year old. No losses occurred as a result of the inoculations. 

 During the summer of 1887 the 2,472 cattle which had been twice in- 

 oculated were associated in infected pastures with 3,561 unprotected 

 cattle. The loss among the former was 8, = 0.32 per cent; among the 

 latter it was 235, = 6.31 per cent. 



Strebel reports similar results, in 1887, in the canton Freiburg, 

 where 1,725 cattle which had been inoculated suffered a loss of 0.23 

 per cent, and 1,945 associated cattle a loss of 5.28 per cent. 



Lydtin (1892) reports the results of inoculations made in five dis- 

 tricts (Amtsbezirken) in Baden during the years 1886-91: 2,797 cattle 

 were inoculated with a loss of 3 only as a result of the inoculation. 

 None of the inoculated cattle subsequently contracted the disease. 



In the Bulletin of the Central Society of Veterinary Medicine of 

 France (1892), Guillod and Simon give the results of 3,500 inocula- 

 tions made since 1884. The mortality among cattle in the region 

 where these inoculations were practised had been from 10 to 20 per 

 cent, but fell to 0.5 per cent among the inoculated animals. 



The authors last named prefer inoculations in the region of the 

 shoulder to the plan first practised of inoculating in the end of the 

 tail. Strebel also (1892 ) advocates this method, which is quickly car- 

 ried out and attended with but little loss. According to Strebel the 

 loss among 13,022 inoculated in this way only amounted to 5, while 

 the loss among animals inoculated by the old method was twice as 

 great. 



TETANUS. 



The experiments of Kitasato (1889) show that pure cultures of the 

 tetanus bacillus injected into mice, rabbits, or guinea-pigs produce 

 typical tetanic symptoms and death. As the presence of this bacillus 



