400 BACTERIA IN CROUPOUS PNEUMONIA. 



Vignal, in his recent elaborate paper upon the microorganisms 

 of the mouth, says : 



" Last year I encountered this microbe continually in my mouth 

 during a period of two months, then it disappeared, and I did not 

 find it again until April of this year, and then only for fifteen days, 

 when it again disappeared without appreciable cause. " 



The Presence of Micrococcus Pneumonice Crouposce in Pneu- 

 monic Sputum. Talamon, in 1883, demonstrated the presence of this 

 micrococcus in pneumonic sputum, described its morphological char- 

 acters, and produced typical croupous pneumonia in rabbits by in- 

 jecting material containing it into the lungs through the thoracic 

 walls. 



Salvioli, in 1884, demonstrated its presence in pneumonic sputum 

 by injections into rabbits. 



In 1885 the writer made a similar demonstration, and by compara- 

 tive experiments showed that the micrococcus present in the blood 

 of rabbits inoculated with the rusty sputum of pneumonia was iden- 

 tical with that which he had discovered in 1880 in rabbits inoculated 

 with his own saliva. 



The same year (1885) A. Frankel made a similar demonstration, 

 and published a paper containing valuable additions to our knowl- 

 edge relating to the biological characters of this microorganism (first 

 publication appeared July 13th, 1885). 



In 1886 Weichselbaum published the results of his extended re- 

 searches relating to the presence of this micrococcus in the fibrinous 

 exudate of croupous pneumonia. He obtained it in ninety-four cases 

 (fifty-four times in cultures) out of one hundred and twenty-nine cases 

 examined. 



Wolf (1887) found it in sixty-six cases out of seventy examined. 



Netter (1887) in seventy-five per cent of his cases, and in the sputum 

 of convalescents from pneumonia in sixty per cent of the cases ex- 

 amined, by inoculations into rabbits. 



Gameleia (1887) in twelve fatal cases of pneumonia in which he 

 collected material from the lungs at the post-mortem examination. 



Goldenberg, whose researches were made in Gameleia's labora- 

 tory, found it in pneumonic sputum in forty consecutive cases, by 

 inoculations into rabbits and mice. 



The Presence of Micrococcus Pneumonice Crouposce in Menin- 

 gitis. Numerous bacteriologists have reported finding diplococci in 

 the pus of meningitis, and frequently the microorganisms have been 

 fully identified as " diplococcuspneumonise." Thus Netter (1889), in 

 a resume of the results of researches made by him in twenty-five 

 cases of purulent meningitis, reports as follows : 



