430 THE BACILLUS OF TYPHOID FEVER. 



forty-seven hours after receiving a subcutaneous injection of a cul- 

 ture fluid containing his " typhoid bacillus," pathological lesions re- 

 sembling those of typhoid. 



Eberth and Gaffky very properly decline to attach any import- 

 ance to this solitary case, in which, as the first-named writer re- 

 marks, a different explanation is possible, and the possibility of an 

 intestinal mycosis not typhoid in its nature must be considered. 



Gaffky has also made numerous attempts to induce typhoid 

 symptoms in animals by means of pure cultures of Eberth's bacillus, 

 given with their food or injected into the peritoneal cavity or subcu- 

 taneously. The first experiments were made upon five Java apes. 

 For a considerable time these animals were fed daily with pure cul- 

 tures containing spores. The temperature of the animals was taken 

 twice daily. The result was entirely negative. No better success 

 attended the experiments upon rabbits (16), guinea-pigs (13), white 

 rats (7), house mice (11), field mice (4), pigeons (2), one hen and a calf. 



Cornil and Babes report a similar negative result from pure cul- 

 tures of the typhoid bacillus injected into the peritoneal cavity and 

 into the duodenum in rabbits and guinea-pigs. 



Frankel and Simmonds have made an extended series of experi- 

 ments upon guinea-pigs, rabbits, and mice, and have shown that 

 pure cultures of the bacillus of Eberth injected into the last-men- 

 tioned animals mice and rabbits may induce death, and that the 

 bacillus may again be obtained in pure cultures from their organs. 

 It is not claimed that the animals suffer an attack of typhoid fever 

 as the result of these injections, but that their death is due to the 

 introduction into their bodies of the typhoid bacillus, and that this 

 bacillus is thereby proved to be pathogenic. 



BACILLUS TYPHI ABDOMINALIS. 



Synonyms. Bacillus typhosus ; Typhus bacillus. 



Eberth (1880 and 1881) demonstrated the presence of this bacillus 

 in the spleen and diseased glands of the intestine in typhoid cada- 

 vers. Gaffky (1884) first obtained it in pure cultures from the same 

 source and determined its principal biological characters. 



It is found, in the form of small, scattered colonies, in the spleen, 

 the liver, the glands of the mesentery, the diseased intestinal glands, 

 and in smaller numbers in the kidneys, in fatal cases of typhoid fever; 

 it has also been obtained, by puncture, from the spleen during life, 

 from the alvine discharges of the sick, and rarely from the urine. 

 It is not found in the blood of the general circulation, unless, pos- 

 sibly, in rare cases and in small numbers. 



Morphology. Bacilli, usually one to three //in length and about 



