INFLUENZA THE DISEASE AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY 487 



four influenza cases and injected it into himself. He became definitely 

 ill with influenza-like symptoms. 



Lister and Taylor 4 in 1919 carried out a series of filtration experi- 

 ments which may be summarized as tending to refute the idea that the 

 influenzal virus is filtrable. In the same year, Bradford, Bashford 

 and Wilson 5 claimed that they had produced disease in animals with 

 filtrates of the blood, sputum and other exudates from influenza 

 patients, and had grown from this a minute filter passing body. ' This 

 work was later withdrawn by the writers themselves. Claims of the 

 filtrability of the influenzal virus on the basis of experiments carried 

 out by filtration of influenzal secretions and inoculation into monkeys 

 and man were also made in 1919 by Leschke, Fejes, 7 and others. A 

 reivew of most of the German etiological work is to be found in the 

 Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie, (Ref., 68, 1919, p. 401). Selter, 8 fail- 

 ing to find influenza bacilli with any regularity in supposedly typical 

 cases, filtered the nasopharyngeal mucus and gargle water of patients in 

 the early stages of the disease, and sprayed it into his own throat and 

 that of a woman assistant, both of them inhaling the spray. In both 

 of them, after 17 to 20 hours, he claims, mild influenza resulted. 

 Yamanouchi, Sakami and Iwashima 9 carried out more extensive 

 experiments in 1919. If one could accept these experiments without 

 question, the filtrability of the virus of influenza would be an estab- 

 lished fact. In their first experiment they emulsified the sputum of 

 43 influenza patients in Ringer's solution. Part of this they filtered. 

 The unfiltered emulsion they injected into the noses and throats of 12 

 healthy people. The filtrate of the same emulsion was similarly 

 injected into the noses and throats of 12 other healthy people, 6 of 

 whom had had influenza. All of the 24, except the ones who had had 

 influenza recently, came down with an influenza-like malady after an 

 incubation of two or three days. Following this, they injected the 

 filtrate of blood of influenza patients into the noses and throats of 6 

 more healthy people, with similar positive results. Filtrates of sputum 

 were inoculated into 4 healthy people, and 4 others received filtrates 

 of blood of influenza patients, subcutaneously. All exc.ept one, who 



4 Lister and Taylor, Pub. South Afric. Inst. Med. Res., April 30th, 1919, No. 12. 



5 Bradford, Bashford and Wilson, Lancet, 1, 1919, 169. 

 " 7,r.sr///,r, I'.rrl. klin. Woch., 1 1, 191!). 



7 Fejes, Dent. nied. Woch., 1919, 653. 



8 Selter, Dout. mod. Woch., 1018, 932. 



8 Yamaiwuchi, Sakami and Iwashima, Lancet, 1, 1919, 971. 



