694 PATHOGEN 1C MICROORGANISMS 



similar organisms from aborting mares. He showed specific agglutinins 

 and complement fixing bodies in the sera of these mares and produced 

 abortion in laboratory animals, guinea pigs, rabbits and rats by intra- 

 venous injection and by feeding. 



Gminder found the Smith-Kilborne bacillus most frequently, but 

 also found organisms closer to the Gaertner enteritidis organisms, and 

 others closely related to the paratyphoid "B" strains, and believes 

 that abortion may be due to a number of other closely related organisms 

 of the paratyphoid-en teritidis groups. 



The B. Psittacosis belonging to this group was described by Nocard 37 

 as the causative agent in a disease of parrots and is fatal for birds of 

 many different species. Nocard succeeded in transferring it from one 

 parrot to another by feeding. 



Durham 38 studied this organism and pointed out its close similarity 

 to the Enteritidis organisms. The possibility of infection in man with 

 this organism was mentioned by Nocard, and, though this question can- 

 not be regarded as definitely settled at the present time, other apparent 

 infections from parrot to man have been reported. Jackson has 

 recently reported a small epidemic in a Pennsylvania town which he 

 thought he could trace, by epidemiological study, to original infection 

 from birds. 



Organisms of this class have been regarded as causing disease in 

 calves and cows and it has been shown that some of the bacteria men- 

 tioned above could cause diseases in cattle and horses by feeding experi- 

 ments. 



In judging of these animal diseases, it must not be forgotten that 

 organisms belonging unquestionably to the paratyphoid group have 

 often been found in the intestinal canals of normal calves, pigs and, in a 

 few cases, in horses, and that it is not unlikely that the bacillus is pretty 

 generally distributed in the animal kingdom as perhaps a normal or 

 occasional inhabitant of the intestinal canal. 



BACILLUS OF FOWL TYPHOID (B. SANGUINARIUM, MOORE). This 

 organism, together with the B. Pullorum, has been difficult to classify be- 

 cause of several definite and apparently fundamental differences between 

 it and other members of the group. It was isolated first by Moore 3 ' 

 from diseased fowl. The chief pathological condition in the fowl seems 



37 Nocard, cited frorm Uhlenhuth and Hubener, Kolle and Wassermann Handb., 

 2d Edit. Vol. 3. 



38 Durham, Brit. Med. Jour., 1898. 



39 Moore. 12th Annual Rep. Bur. Animal Industry, 1895. 



