724 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS 



of Friedlander pneumonia are extremely severe and usually fatal. 

 The bacillus has been found in cases of ulcerative stomatitis and 

 nasal catarrh; in two cases of severe tonsillitis in children; in the 

 pus from suppurations in the antrum of Highmore and the nasal 

 sinuses (Frankel and others), and in cases of fetid coryza (ozena), 

 of which disease it is supposed by Abel 8 and others to be the specific 

 cause. Whether the ozena bacillus represents a separate species 

 or not, can not at present be decided. The bacillus of Friedlander 

 has been found in empyema fluid, in pericardial exudate (after 

 pneumonia), and in spinal fluid. 9 Isolated cases of Friedlander 

 bacillus septicemia have been described. 10 Being occasionally a 

 saprophytic inhabitant of the normal intestine, it has been believed 

 to be etiologically associated with some forms of diarrheal enteritis. 



B. mucosus capsulatus is pathogenic for mice and guinea-pigs, 

 less so for rabbits. Inoculation of susceptible animals is followed 

 by local inflammation and death by septicemia. If inoculation is 

 intraperitoneal, there is formed a characteristically mucoid, stringy 

 exudate. 



The question of immunization against bacilli of the Friedlander 

 group is still in the stage of experimentation. Immunization with 

 carefully graded doses of dead bacilli has been successful in isolated 

 cases. Specific agglutinins in immune serum have been found by 

 Clairmont, 11 but irregularly and potent only against the particular 

 strain used for the immunization. 



OTHER BACILLI OF THE FRIEDLANDER GROUP 



Bacillus of Rhinoscleroma. This bacillus, described by v. 

 Frisch 12 in 1882, is a plump, short rod, with rounded ends, mor- 

 phologically almost identical with Friedlander 's bacillus; it is non- 

 motile and possesses a distinct capsule. Although at first described 

 as Gram-positive, it has been shown to be decolorized with this 

 method of staining. It forms slimy colonies, has a nail-like appearance 

 in gelatin stab cultures, and in pepton solutions produces no indol. It 

 differs from B. mucosus capsulatus (Wilde 13 ) in forming no gas in 



M6eZ, Zeit. f. Hyg., xxi. 



9 Jager, Zeit. f . Hyg., xix. 



10 Howard, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 1899. 



11 Clairmont, Zeit. f. Hyg., xxxix. 



12 Frisch, Wien. med. Woch., 1882. 



13 Wilde, Cent, f . Bakt., xx, 1896. 



