MEASLES, SCARLET FEVER, MUMPS, DENGUE FEVER, ETC. 927 



and it is to be expected that antistreptococcus serum should, therefore, 

 benefit the patient's condition by combating this complication. 



Mallory u in 1904 published observations on four scarlatina cases 

 which suggested that possibily scarlatina may be caused by proto/oa. Ill 

 the skin, between the epithelial cells, he found small bodies which were 

 easily stained with methylene-blue and which because of their arrange- 

 ment and form he interpreted as parasites not very unlike the plas- 

 modium of malaria. Subsequent investigations of Field 12 and others 

 have failed to substantiate Mallory 's conclusions. Mallory and Med- 

 lar 13 subsequently described a diphtheroid bacillus which they found 

 in the tonsils, throat and trachea of scarlet fever cases. Another diph- 

 theroid bacillus has been isolated by Mallory and Parker from the 

 middle ear in a number of scarlet fever cases complicated with -otitis 

 media. The frequency with which these bacilli were found, and the 

 fact that the organism found by Mallory and Parker produces highly 

 toxic substances in broth, makes it necessary to keep them in mind, 

 though Mallory and Parker, themselves, make no etiological claims. 



In 1911 Landsteiner, Levaditi and Prasek 14 claimed that they 

 successfully inoculated chimpanzees with scarlet fever by injecting 

 blood from patients and also by rubbing the throats of the animals 

 with swabs taken t'rom scarlet fever throats. Hektoen and Weller in 

 the same year failed in similar experiments upon Macacus Rhesus. 

 Cantacuzene claims successful results on a number of lower monkeys 

 with the blood and lymph-node suspensions of scarlet /ever cases. 

 Draper and I Ian ford 1 ' have carefully gone over all these investiga- 

 tions and attempted to confirm them but completely failed. 



The question concerning the etiology of scarlet fever is at the 

 present time entirely unsettled. Unquestionably the most interesting 

 line of thought at the present time is that connected with the strep- 

 tococci. We have mentioned, in the streptococcus chapter, the work of 

 Uaginsky and Sommerfeld, 16 and there is no question about the fact 

 that a severe hemolytic infection of the throat is an invariable accom- 

 paniment of scarlet fever. In the series studied by Baginsky and 

 Sommerfeld there were 8 in which the streptococcus infection accom- 



11 Mallory, Jour. Mod. Research, x. 1D04. 



12 Field, Jour. KXJHM-. Mod.. 7, liH>f>. 



13 Mallorii and Medlar, Jour. Mod. Res., 34, 1916. 



14 LtiH(lst< -incr, Leraditi and /V<wA\ Ann. do I 'lust. Past., 25, 1011, 754. 

 i:> DnttH T and llanford, Journ. Kxp. Mod. Vol. 17. ItM.'i. p. f>17. 



111 />(/</ ///,s'A\(/ and Sommerfeld. 



