LYMANTRIA. 2OI 



and suffused with red or orange, and the body red, with black 

 spots. Some of these are of considerable size, expanding four 

 or five inches across the wings. 



THE BLACK ARCHES. LYMANTRIA MONACHA. 



(Plate XCL Fig. 2 (male), 3 (female).) 

 Bombyx monacha^ Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i. p. 501, no. 26 



(1758); id. Faun. Suec. p. 300 (1761); Esper, Schmett. iii. 



p. 192, Taf. 37, figs. 1-6 (1785); Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. iii. 



fig. 74 (1800 ?) ; Godart, Lepid. France, iv. p. 259, pi. 25, 



figs. 3, 4 (1822). 

 Liparis monacha t Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iii. p. 192 



(1810). 

 Psilura monacha, Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 57 



(1828); Buckler, Larvae of Brit. Lepid. iii. pi. 37, fig. 5 



(1889); Barrett, Lepid. Brit. Isl. ii. p. 309, pi. 80 



(1894). 

 Ocneria monacha, Kirby, Eur. Butterflies and Moths, p. no, 



pi. 25, fig. 3 (1879). 

 Lymantria monacha^ Kirby, Cat. Lepid. Heter. i. p. 477 (1892). 



The Black Arches is found in most parts of Europe. The 

 male generally expands from i ^ to i ^ inch, and the female 

 about two inches. Both sexes vary considerably, but the follow- 

 ing description will apply to the majority of specimens : Fore- 

 wings greyish-white, with numerous black spots, and four con- 

 fused zig-zag transverse lines of the same colour. The hind- 

 wings are brownish-grey, sometimes white towards the hind 

 margin; the fringe always white spotted at regular intervals 

 with black. The thorax is white with black spots, and the 

 abdomen is rose-red behind, with the incisions and series of 

 spots black, that of the female ending in a yellow ovipositor. 



The larva is brownish-green, or a mixture of light grey and 

 black, and occasionally quite black. It has a number of tubercles. 



