138 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



ends, and are rather flattened, and spotted with black below. 

 The pupae are covered with a greyish bloom, and are enclosed 

 in hard cocoons, generally in the chinks of the bark of trees. 



GENUS CATOCALA. 



Noctua, pt. Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.), i. p. 508 (1758); 



Cuvier, Tabl. Elem. d'Hist. Nat. p. 597 (1799); 



Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vertebres, p. 286 (1801). 

 Catocala, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. (2), p. 158 (1802); 



Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 94(1816); Hiibner, 



Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 276 (1822?); Treitschke, Schmett. 



Eur. v. (3), p. 328 (1826); Guenee, Spec. Gen. Lepid. 



Noct. iii. p. 80 (1852). 

 Hemigeometra, Haworth, Lepid. Brit. p. 267 (1809). 



The Red Underwings and the Clifden Nonpareil are among 

 the largest and handsomest of our British Moths. When at 

 rest, they sit on walls or tree-trunks, with the fore-wings 

 extended in a triangular form over the hind-wings, in which 

 position they are not easily distinguishable from their sur- 

 roundings. Some of the species fly' by day as well as in the 

 evening. 



The types of Noctua, as given by Cuvier, belong to the 

 third section of the Noctuiz of Linnaeus, and are his Noctua 

 pacta, chrysitis, gamma, and verbasd. The type of Lamarck is 

 N. sponsa (Linn.), a species not distantly related to N. pacta, 

 and, as already pointed out (antea, p. 46), Latreille's type of 

 Noctua was Triphana fimbria (Linn.). Yet none of the 

 above-mentioned species can be taken as the type of Noctua, 

 which was fixed by Poda in 1761 as N. quadra, Linn, (our 

 CEonistis quadra, cf. vol. iii. p. 162). 



