144 LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY. 



The pupa is reddish-brown and is covered with a purple 

 bloom. It is enclosed in a loose cocoon between leaves, or 

 in a crevice of the bark. 



The moth is of frequent occurrence in the southern parts 

 of England, and is not rare even in the more northern 

 counties. Its time of appearance corresponds pretty closely 

 with that of C. fraxini. It often flies by day as well as at 

 night. 



CATOCALA PACTA. 



Noctua pacta, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.), i. p. 512, no. 86 

 (1758); id. Faun. Suec. p. 310 (1761); Hiibner, Eur. 

 Schmett. fig. 332 (1804?). 



Noctua pacta suecica, Esper, Schmett. iv. (i), p. 365, Taf. 99 B, 



figS. I, 2 (1788?). 



Catocala pacta, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. v. (3), p. 352 (1826) ; 

 Kirby, Eur. Butterflies and Moths, p. 270 (1881). 



This Moth is a native of Northern and Eastern Europe and 

 Siberia. It expands only from two inches to two inches and 

 a quarter, and is one of the smallest of the Red Underwings. 



The head and thorax are pale ashy-grey, varied with whitish 

 hairs, with the collar and tegulae bordered with brown, and the 

 crest of the thorax also brown. The abdomen is blood-red, 

 with a grey anal tuft in the male. The antennae are light 

 brown, and the legs are whitish-grey, suffused with reddish. 

 The body is white beneath. The fore-wings are pale ashy- 

 grey, with brown markings bordered with white. There is a 

 half-line, and a first transverse line, the latter of which curves 

 towards the inner margin. The reniform stigma is formed of 

 a brownish lunule, edged with darker, with a brown transverse 

 streak in front. Below the reniform stigma, and touching the 

 second transverse line is a long brown-ringed claviform stigma. 

 The second transverse line and the sub -marginal zig-zag line, 



