8 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



occurrences, mostly in south ; one Shetlands, one Orkneys, and noted 

 Fair Isle spring and autumn, 1908, and May, 1909. Ireland. 

 Rare casual spring and summer- visitor, most frequent Kerry, Cork, 

 Waterford, and Down. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally, except Norway, 

 Sweden, north of 63 and Russia north of 60, to Mediterranean, 

 and in mountain-forests of north-west Africa (local and not 

 common) ; eastward to Tian-Shan and Altai, and replaced by allied 

 form in India. In winter in tropical and southern Africa and 

 Madagascar. 



COCCOTHRAUSTES COCCOTHRAUSTES 



1 6. Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes (L.) THE 

 HAWFINCH. 



LOXIA COCCOTHRAUSTES Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 171 (1758 

 " Habitat in Europa australiore. " Restricted typical locality : Italy). 

 Coccothraustes vulgaris Pallas, Yarrell, n, p. 98 ; Saunders. p. 171. 



DISTRIBUTION. England. Resident. Local, but generally dis- 

 tributed except in north and west, where, however, has lately 

 increased and spread, and now breeds in Cumberland, Durham, 

 and Northumberland (since 1884). Rarely breeds in Devon and 

 not in Cornwall. Wales. Resident. Now well-known in eastern 

 half, but rare or unknown in western parts. Scotland. Resident. 

 Now considered as widely distributed and not very rare in south- 

 east, and has nested East Lothian (1908 and 1909), and east Fife 

 (1903) ; also bred Dumfries (1906 and 1908). Elsewhere a good 

 many stragglers, even as far north as Fair Isle and Shetlands. 

 Ireland. Rare vagrant to all quarters, mostly winter. Said to 

 have nested Kildare 1902. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. No regular migrations yet worked 

 out, but occurs occasionally at lighthouses in England, Scotland, 

 and Ireland, and has been noticed in winter in parts where it does 

 not breed. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally, exact limits eastwards 

 uncertain. Replaced by allied forms in north-west Africa, Turke- 

 stan, India, and east Asia. 



CHLORIS CHLORIS 



17. Chloris chloris chloris (L.) THE GREENFINCH. 



LOXIA CHLORIS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 174 (1758 Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Coccothraustes chloris (Linnaeus), Yarrell, n, p. 105. Ligurinus chloris 

 (Linnaeus), Saunders, p. 169. 



