A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 9 



DISTRIBUTOR British Isles. Resident. Common most parts, 

 but only a visitor to Shetlands and most O. Hebrides, though it 

 breeds Stornoway (Lewis). 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Most home-bred birds emigrate Sept. 

 and return March. Great numbers arrive north-east coasts Great 

 Britain Oct. and leave in early spring. An autumn -immigration 

 has also been noticed in Ireland. 



DISTRIBUTION. A broad. North and central Europe generally. 

 Replaced by allied forms in south-west Europe and north-west 

 Africa, in south-east Europe, Syria, and Turkestan. 



CARDUELIS CARDUELIS 



[Carduelis carduelis carduelis (L.) THE CONTINENTAL 

 GOLDFINCH. 



FRIISTGILLA CARDUELIS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 180 (1758 

 Juniper woods of Europe. Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. " Immigrant." Goldfinches are 

 recorded regularly east coast England in Oct. (cf. Saunders, p. 174 ; 

 Birds Yorks., i, p. 171). Until actual specimens have been examined, 

 however, the Continental form cannot be definitely included. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe from about lat. 65 in Norway 

 and 60 in Russia to the Mediterranean. Replaced in Spain and 

 north-west Africa, some Mediterranean islands, and the Atlantic 

 isles as well as in western Asia, by closely-allied forms.] 



18. Carduelis carduelis britannica (Hart.) THE BRITISH 

 GOLDFINCH. 



ACANTHIS CARDUELIS BRiTANNicus Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 68 

 (1903 British Isles. Type, Rottingdean) ; id., Brit. B., i, p. 211. 

 Carduelis elegans Stephens, Yarrell, n, p. 117; Saunders, p. 173. 



DISTRIBUTION. Confined to British Isles. British Isles. Resident. 

 Local, but generally distributed, and increasing except in Ireland 

 where decreasing ; very rare northern Scotland and only scarce 

 vagrant 0. Hebrides, Shetlands, and Orkneys. 

 MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Flocks, and migrates locally autumn 

 and winter, and some may emigrate. Passing birds (possibly of 

 British form) have been noted in spring in various counties (cf. 

 Bull. B.O.C., xx, p. 178 ; xxn, p. 182 ; xxiv, p. 173). 



