A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 11 



in England, especially on west coast and Hebrides, Orkneys, 

 and Shetlands. In south-west and on lower ground on east side 

 scarce as nester. Ireland. Breeds all counties except those of 

 central Plain. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. The coasts are resorted to in winter 

 by inland breeding- birds ; but migrants, possibly from oversea, 

 arrive east coast Oct. and return March. In Ireland an autumn- 

 immigration has been noted on north and west coasts. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. North Norway, Lapland, and north 

 Finland, in winter over Europe, but very rare in Mediterranean 

 countries. Replaced by other races from Asia Minor and Caucasus 

 to Persian Turkestan, etc., and in Tibet and Manchuria. 



CARDUELIS LINARIA 



21. Carduelis linaria linaria (L.) THE MEALY REDPOLL. 



FBINGILLA LINARIA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 182 (1758 Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality : the alder woods of Sweden). 

 Linota linaria (Linnaeus), Yarrell, n, p. 133 ; Saunders, p. 189. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Irregular autumn- winter visitor 

 along whole east coast Great Britain, but more common east 

 Scotland and north-east England. Occasionally arrives great 

 numbers, as in 1829, 1847, 1855, 1861, 1863, 1873, 1885, 1897, 1910. 

 More rarely recorded spring. Elsewhere in Great Britain rare 

 winter-straggler, as it is in Ireland, where it appears chiefly in 

 western islands. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Northern portions of Northern Hemi- 

 sphere, the northern limit of its breeding-range overlapping the 

 southern range of C. hornemannii exilipes ; in Europe as far south 

 as Baltic and coast of East Prussia. In winter and on migration 

 over greater part of Europe, parts of central Asia, and United 

 States. 



22. Carduelis linaria rostrata (Coues) GREENLAND 

 REDPOLL. 



AEGIOTHUS ROSTRATUS Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, 



p. 378 (S. Greenland). 



L. rostrata, Saunders, p. 190 (in text). 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Rare vagrant. Barra (0. Hebrides) 

 one, Oct. 8, 1896 ; one, Nov. 10, 1898 ; one, Oct. 13, 1900 ; 

 two, Sept., 1901. Fair Isle (Shetlands), a number Sept. and Oct. 

 1905, and small party Sept. 21, 1907. Shetlands, several Oct. 

 and Nov., 1907. (W. Eagle Clarke, Ann. S.N.H., 1901, p. 131, 

 1902, p. 118, 1906, p. 17, 1908, p. 76. E. Hamilton, op.c., 1910, 



