A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 17 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Rare vagrant. Some fifty recorded, 

 but most are not authenticated. Of recent years the following 

 records : One Notts., Oct. 30, 1890 (Saunders, p. 199) ; small 

 flock Kent and Sussex, Oct., 1905 ; two Kent, March 4, 1909 

 (cf. Brit. B., i, p. 247 ; Hist. Birds Kent, p. 165). 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Scandinavia and north Russia, north 

 Siberia. In winter spreading more or less regularly southwards 

 and westwards, occasionally as far as Italy and south France. 

 Represented by closely-allied forms in Kamtschatka and North 

 America. 



LOXIA CURVIROSTRA 



33. Loxia curvirostra curvirostra L. - - THE COMMON 

 CROSSBILL. 



LOXIA CURVIROSTRA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 171 (1758 Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Loxia curvirostra anglica Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 119 ; id., Brit. B., 



i, p. 209 ; cf. id., op.c., in, p. 194. 



Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, Yarrell, n, p. 187 (part) ; Saunders, p. 201 



(part). 



DISTRIBUTION. England and Wales. Late summer - immigrant 

 arriving mid- June to August. Regular in some districts, but 

 irregular in most, and especially so in north-west and south-west 

 England and in Wales. Periodically (every three to ten years) 

 arrives in great numbers and becomes much more generally distri- 

 buted and frequently stays over following spring and into summer. 

 Most nesting-records in springs immediately following " irruptions." 

 Has nested in following counties ; dates within square brackets 

 refer to probable but not positive records : Devon, 1839, 1894. 

 Somerset, 1910. Hants., 1839, 1858, 1877, 1892, 1910. Berks., 

 1882, 1889, [1898], 1899, 1910. Sussex, 1791, 1840, 1910. 

 Surrey [1899], 1910. Kent [1833], [1839], [1894], 1910, 1911. 

 Herts., 1907. Gloucester, 1839, 1910. Oxon [1839]. Leicester, 

 1839. Staffs., 1910. Hereford [1895]. Salop 1880, [1895]. 

 [1896]. Northants., 1892 1904., Beds. [1899], 1910. Essex, 1910. 

 Suffolk, 1815, 1822, 1885, 1889, 1910, 1911. Norfolk 1829 [1887], 

 1889, 1910, 1911. Lines. [1910]. Yorks., 1829, 1840 [1855], 

 1872, 1876, 1902. Durham, 1838, 1856. Cumberland, 1839, 1856. 

 [1865]. Northumberland [1821], 1838, 1869. Cheviot Hills, 1898. 

 Carnarvon, 1890 or 1891. Montgomery, 1880. Merioneth [1897]. 

 Scotland. Late summer-immigrant as in England, but apparently 

 not so regular ; subject to similar irruptions, appearing in numbers 

 even in far northern and western isles. Breeds sporadically 

 and rarely in south Scotland, and possibly also in territory 

 of Loxia c. scotica, but proof so far wanting. Has nested Ayr. 



