18 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



1864, [1884]. Dumfries [1838-9], 1888. Kincardine, 1903. Linlith- 

 gow, 1839. Stirling, 1839. Ireland. Now resident but not 

 indigenous. Apparently only migrates to Ireland in years of 

 " irruptions." Following irruption of 1838 bred Tipperary and has 

 since ; in 1867 Kildare ; since 1868 has settled Fermanagh ; since 

 1881 King's ; between 1883 and 1895 Westmeath. Following 

 irruption of 1887-8, increased and bred more widely, and is now 

 established (with fluctuations) in plantations of conifers in each 

 province. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally and north Asia, but 

 represented by closely-allied forms in Spain, the Balearic Isles, 

 Cyprus, north-west Africa, central Asia and Himalayas to Japan 

 and North America. More or less nomadic, in certain years migra- 

 tory and spreading in great numbers westwards and southwards. 



34. Loxia curvirostra scotica Hart. - - THE SCOTTISH 

 CROSSBILL. 



LOXIA CURVIROSTBA SCOTICA Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 120 (1904 



Scotland), id., Brit. B., i, p. 211. 



Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, Yarrell, n, p. 187 (part) ; Saunders, p. 201 



(part). 



DISTRIBUTION. Confined to Scotland. Resident in north Scotland, 

 breeding from south-east Sutherland, throughout Moray Basin 

 south to Dunkeld (Perth), west to Loch Maree (west Ross), and 

 east to Huntley (Banff). Has occurred sporadically in winter in 

 very small numbers in Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, and Fife, but 

 apparently not a regular migrant from data available. 



LOXIA PYTYOPSITTACUS 



35. Loxia pytyopsittacus Borkh. THE PARROT-CROSSBILL. 



LOXIA PYTYOPSITTACUS Borkhausen, Rheinisches Magazin, i, p. 139 

 (1793 Substituted typical locality: Sweden; cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. 

 Fauna, i, p. 122). 

 Loxia pityopsittacus Bechstein, Yarrell, n, p. 207 ; Saunders, p. 202. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Rare vagrant. A good many re- 

 corded, but some at least (especially from Scotland) may be 

 referable to L. c. scotica. The following examined by us are of 

 this species : near Plumstead (Kent) Jan., 1868 ; Southgate 

 (Middlesex) Nov., 1864. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. North Europe (Scandinavia and north 

 Russia to Poland). Like other Crossbills, somewhat nomadic, and 

 known to have nested in Germany and probably also in other 

 parts of central Europe. 



