A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 19 



LOXIA LEUCOPTERA 



36. Loxia leucoptera bifasciata (Brehm) THE TWO-BARRED 

 CROSSBILL. 



CBUCIBOSTRA BIFASCIATA Brehm, Ornis, in, p. 85 (1827 Thuringia and 



Vienna). 



Loxia bifasciata (C. L. Brehm), Yarrell, n, p. 211 ; Saunders, p. 203. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Rare vagrant. A good many 

 recorded from various parts England, but mostly on eastern side ; 

 in some years (e.g. 1845-6, and autumn 1889) a number together. 

 About eleven authentic records Scotland, and three Ireland. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Forests of north European Russia (and 

 probably west Siberia), more or less irregularly spreading south- 

 westwards at various times of the year. Concerning the doubtful 

 Siberian subspecies, Loxia leucoptera elegans Horn., cf. Vog. paL 

 Fauna, i, p. 124. 



[Loxia leucoptera leucoptera Gm. THE AMERICAN WHITE- 

 WINGED CROSSBILL. 



LOXIA LEUCOPTERA Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 2, p. 844 (1789 North America). 

 Loxia leucoptera J. F. Gmelin, Yarrell, n, p. 218 ; Saunders, p. 204 

 (in text). 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Several recorded occurrences, are 

 dealt with by Saunders and in Yarrell, and there are others, but it 

 is very doubtful if it has occurred in a truly wild state. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Northern North America. In winter 

 southwards, irregularly as far as North Carolina, Indiana, Illinois, 

 Kansas, Colorado, Nevada. Occurs south and east Greenland. 

 Said to have been procured on Heligoland.] 



FRINGILLA CCELEBS 



37- Fringilla coelebs coelebs L. THE CHAFFINCH. 



CCELEBS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat.,ed. x, i, p. 179 (1758 " Europa." 

 Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Fringilla coelebs gengleri Kleinschmidt, Falco, v, p. 13 (1909 England. 

 Typical locality : Hampstead). 

 Fringilla coslebs Linnaeus, Yarrell, n, p. 68 ; Saunders, p. 183. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Abundant and widely 

 distributed, nesting in Orkneys but not Shetlands, nor probably 

 O. Hebrides, where only a visitor. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Our residents flock in winter and 

 move about the country, but there is little evidence that they 

 emigrate. Meantime large flocks arrive from the Continent on 



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