22 A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally and Siberia. Replaced 

 by closely-allied forms in east Siberia, Japan, Turkestan, and 

 Persia, India and China, Greater Sunda Islands, Hainan and 

 Formosa. 



EMBERIZA CALANDRA* 



42. Emberiza calandra calandra L. THE CORN-BUNTING. 



EMBERIZA CALANDRA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, ed. x, i, p. 176 (1758 

 " Habitat in Europa." Restricted typical locality: Sweden). 

 Emberiza miliaria Linnaeus, Yarrell, n, p. 38 ; Saunders, p. 207. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Common in most coastal 

 regions throughout, but generally local elsewhere. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Breeding-birds, or at all events many 

 of them, emigrate in autumn from Great Britain, and perhaps 

 also from Ireland. Immigrants noted east coast Great Britain, 

 and flocks occur other parts in autumn. In Shetlands and Fair 

 Isle occurs on both passages. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. From south Sweden in the north through- 

 out Europe to north Africa and west Asia. The forms from west 

 Siberia, Corsica, and Canary Islands have been separated, but are 

 all very closely-allied and require confirmation. 



EMBERIZA CITRINELLA 



43. Emberiza citrinella citrinella L. THE YELLOW 

 BUNTING. 



EMBERIZA CITRINELLA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 177 (1758 

 " Habitat in Europa." Restricted typical locality: Sweden). 

 Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus, Yarrell, n, p. 43 ; Saunders, p. 209. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Common and generally 

 distributed, but does not nest in some O. Hebrides, now common 

 Orkneys, but seldom noticed Shetlands except on migration ; occurs 

 Fair Isle both passages, but chiefly autumn. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Flocks in winter, but little evidence 

 that our breeding- birds emigrate. Immigrants from north appear 

 east coasts Great Britain in Oct. and Nov. and return in spring. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally from about lat. 65J 

 to 70 N., but in south Spain and south Italy only in winter, 

 and absent from Greece. Replaced by allied forms in Siberia and 

 east Europe. Local races require further study. 



* In 1758 Linnaeus named the Corn- Bunting calandra, and we cannot 

 accept his alteration of 1766, when he called it miliaria without 

 explanation. E .H. 



