34 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Abundant throughout 

 in open country, but majority leave higher and more northern 

 situations in autumn and many emigrate. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Summer-residents from Hebrides and 

 Highlands move south, chiefly down west coast, from about mid- 

 Aug. to late Oct., and there is evidence of autumn-immigration 

 in Ireland corresponding partly with this movement. Many, if 

 not majority of, English breeding- birds pass south and west in 

 autumn. Emigratory movements along south coast England 

 from late Sept. to late Nov., and corresponding immigratory move- 

 ments in south-east Ireland have been noticed. From early Sept. 

 to late Oct. large numbers of immigrants, many of which winter 

 with us, while some pass on, arrive in northern Scottish isles, and 

 between mid-Sept, and Nov. on east coast from Forfar to Kent. 

 Return passage from end Feb. to mid- April on south coast Ireland, 

 and from mid-March to mid- April on whole south coast England. 

 Considerable evidence that more northerly breeding-birds pass 

 north along west coast or through western counties England, 

 rather than east coast. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe from Iceland, the Fseroes, and 

 North Cape to Pyrenees, Italy, and Carpathian Mountains, east- 

 wards to west Siberia and north Turkestan. Migrant, wintering 

 in the Mediterranean countries, north Africa, Syria, and Asia Minor. 



ANTHUS CERVINUS 



69. Anthus cervinus (Pall.) THE RED-THROATED PIPIT. 



MOTACILLA CERVINA Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-As., i, p. 511 (1827 Siberia). 

 Anthus cervinus (Pallas), Saunders, p. 135. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Seven. One, Unst (Shetlands), May 

 4, 1854. One St. Leonards (Sussex), Nov. 13, 1895 (Saunders, 

 p. 135). One, Achill (Mayo), May 26th, 1895 (Bull. B.O.C., 

 xii, p. 15, and Brit. B., I, p. 112). One Ninfield (Sussex), 

 Nov. 26, 1901 (Bull. B.O.C., xn, p. 35, and Brit. B., i, p. 112). 

 Two autumn, 1908, Fair Isle (Ann. S.N.H., 1909, p. 72, and Brit. B., 

 n, p. 423). One Rother Marshes (Kent), April 29, 1909 (Hist. 

 Birds Kent, p. 104, and Brit. B., in, p. 256). [Specimens 

 from Brighton, 1884, and Rainham, 1880 (Saunders, p. 135) are 

 A. pratensis (Brit. B., n, pp. 278-9), as also one from Donegal, 

 Aug., 1898.] 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Breeds in high north of Europe and Asia. 

 Migrant, wintering in India (in small numbers even in Malay Archi- 

 pelago), south Arabia, Nubia, and Egypt to east Africa. Rare or 

 irregular visitor to west Europe and north-west Africa. 



