36 A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



72. Anthus spinoletta obscurus (Lath.) THE ROCK-PIPIT. 



ALATJDA OBSCUBA Latham, Index Orn., n, p. 494 (1790 England). 



Alauda petrosa Montagu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, iv, p. 41 (1798 



Wales). 



Anthus obscurus (Latham), Yarrell, i, p. 58G ; Saunders, p. 143. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Generally distributed on 

 rocky shores throughout. Also on many flat shores in autumn and 

 winter. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Autumn immigration east coast Great 

 Britain, and return-migration spring. There is evidence that some 

 migrants pass on southward. No regular migration noted elsewhere. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Channel Islands, and coasts of north 

 France. According to Collett (Nyt Mag. Naturv., xxin, p. 144, 

 xxvi, p. 306) this form breeds on coasts of Norway, while A. 

 spinoletta littoralis is the Baltic form. In winter vagrant, and found 

 along the coasts to Spain, also occasionally inland. 



73. Anthus spinoletta littoralis Brehm* THE SCANDINA- 

 VIAN ROCK-PIPIT. 



ANTHUS LITTORALIS Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., p. 331 



(1831 Danish Isles). 



Anthus rupestris, Yarrell, I, p. 588 (in text) ; Saunders, p. 143 (in text). 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Since Booth noted its occurrence 

 in Sussex in March and April very little is recorded. Has been 

 observed in parts of Wales, Scilly Isles, Northumberland, Lines., 

 Norfolk, Land's End, Kent (two). Said to pass along Yorks. 

 coast in autumn, which is probable, but the bird is only distinguish- 

 able from the Rock -Pipit in summer-plumage, when the throat 

 is less spotted and has a rosy hue. Specimens recorded by 

 Edwards near London and by MacGillivray near Edinburgh as 

 " Alauda rubescens " (vide supra) were possibly of this race. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Coasts of Scandinavia (Baltic coasts only 

 according to Collett), Danish Isles and, it is said, White Sea in 

 north Russia. In winter farther south : Heligoland (common), 

 coasts of Germany, Holland, Belgium, north France. 



MOTACILLA FLAVA 



74. Motacilla flava flava L. THE BLUE-HEADED WAGTAIL. 



MOTACILLA FLAVA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 185 (1758 " Habitat 

 in Europa." Restricted typical locality : S. Sweden). 

 Motacilla flava Linnaeus, Yarrell, i, p. 558 ; Saunders, p. 127 ; M . f. flava L., 

 N. F. Ticehurst, Brit. B., i, p. 134 et seq. 



* The name rupestris refers only in part to this bird. E.H. 



