A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 41 



CERTHIA FAMILIARIS 



83. Certhia familiaris brittanica Ridgw. THE BRITISH 

 TREE-CREEPER. 



CERTHIA BRITTANICA Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, p. 113 (1882 



England). 



Certhia familiaris Linnaeus, Yarrell, i, p. 468 ; Saunders, p. 117 ; Certhia 



f. brittanica Ridgw., Hartert, Brit. B., i, p. 218. 



DISTRIBUTION. Confined to British Isles. Resident. Generally 

 distributed in suitable localities, but absent from O. Hebrides and 

 very rarely seen in Shetlands and Orkneys. 



84. Certhia familiaris familiaris L. THE NORTHERN TREE- 

 CREEPER. 



CERTHIA FAMILIARIS Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 118 (1758 Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



DISTRIBUTION. Scotland. One. Male (exhausted) Fair Isle, 

 Dec. 27, 1906 (W. Eagle Clarke, Ann. S.N.H., 1907, p. 72). 

 Records of Tree-Creepers from Orkneys and Shetlands, especially 

 from latter during a gale, Sept., 1859 and in Oct., 1882 with 

 Great Spotted Woodpeckers, may relate to this form. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Scandinavia, north Russia and Poland, 

 south to Carpathian Mountains, Siberia to sea of Ochotsk, also in 

 east Germany. This form is replaced on mountains of Corsica, 

 central and west Europe generally, the Caucasus, Persia, and many 

 other parts of Asia by other races. In many parts of Europe we 

 find side by side with a race of Certhia familiaris a race of another 

 species (Certhia brachydactyla), and forms of this species take the 

 place of C. familiaris in most parts of south Europe, Cyprus, north- 

 west Africa, and apparently Asia Minor, or at least parts of it, as 

 also in North America. 



TICHODROMA MURARIA 



85. Tichodroma muraria (L.) THE WALL-CREEPER. 



CERTHIA MURARIA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat.,ed. xn, i, p. 184 (1766 S. Europe). 

 Tichodroma muraria (Linnseus), Yarrell, in, p. ix, ; Saunders, p. 119. 



DISTRIBUTION. England. Four. One Stratton Strawless (Norfolk), 

 Oct., 1792. One Sabden (Lanes.), May 8, 1872. One Winchelsea 

 (Sussex) about 1886 (cf. Saunders, p. 119). Female near 

 Hastings (Sussex), Dec. 26, 1905 (W. R. Butterfield, Bull. B.O.C., 

 xvi, p. 44). 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Mountain-ranges of central and south 

 Europe, east to Mongolia, Turkestan, and Himalayas. Stragglers 



