50 A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



recorded along Thames as far west as Gloucester ; also very rare 

 vagrant to some midland counties and as far north as Yorks., where 

 a few have occurred. Many reports of birds seen are not well 

 authenticated. Introduced Yorks. 1911 (Brit. B., v, p. 108). 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe, in east Spain, south France, 

 Holland, Italy ; formerly in various parts of Germany, and replaced 

 by an allied race in Hungary, Roumania, south Russia and Asia, 

 from Asia Minor probably to Manchuria. 



LANIUS MINOR 



106. Lanius minor Gm. THE LESSER GREY SHRIKE. 



LANIUS MINOR Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, i, p. 308(1788 "Habitat in 

 Italia, Hispania, Russia." Restricted typical locality : Italy). 

 Lanius minor J. F. Gmelin, Yarrell, i, p. 205 ; Saunders, p. 149. 



DISTRIBUTION. England. Fourteen. Most Sept. and Oct. but 

 also Nov. (one), Jan. (one), April (three), May (two), June (one) ; 

 from following counties : Yorks. (one), Norfolk (three), Beds. 

 (one), Kent (two), Sussex (three), Hants, (two), Devon (one), and 

 Scilly Isles (one). 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. South and central Europe, north to 

 Livonia and west Siberia, east to Asia Minor, Persia, and Russian 

 Turkestan to Altai Mountains, but absent from Spain. Migrant, 

 wintering in tropical Africa. 



LANIUS EXCUBITOR 



107. Lanius excubitor excubitor L. THE GREAT GREY 

 SHRIKE. 



LANIUS EXCUBITOR Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 94 (1758 " Habitat 



in Europa." Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, Yarrell, i, p. 199 ; Saunders, p. 147. 



Lanius major Pallas, Yarrell, in, p. viii. 



DISTRIBUTION. Great Britain. Annual autumn and winter- 

 visitant along east side, generally singly, but periodically in fair 

 numbers. Much more irregular spring and only occasional summer. 

 Noted Fair Isle on both passages, and often occurs Orkneys, 

 but apparently much rarer Shetlands. Elsewhere irregular, 

 especially in west, and very rare casual to west Wales and 

 Hebrides. Ireland. Rare casual, most frequently in north. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe from north Russia and Scandi- 

 navia to Pyrenees and Alps, and east to Hungary and River Ob. 

 On migration farther south, but not to Africa. Replaced in south 

 France, Spain and Portugal, on Canary Islands, in north-west 

 Africa, north-east Africa, south-east Europe, and parts of Asia 

 and North America, by a number of other forms. 



