74 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



TURDUS PILARIS 



155. Turdus pilaris L. THE FIELDFARE. 



TURDUS PLLAKIS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 168 (1758 Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Yarrell, i, p. 272 ; Saunders, p. 7. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Winter-visitor (Sept. to April, some- 

 times May and exceptionally later). Generally distributed. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. From Shetlands to Wash small numbers 

 arrive Sept. and early Oct., followed by large immigrations until 

 Nov., and spread west and south-west to winter- quarters. Smaller 

 streams, probably after an overland flight, pass down west coast 

 Scotland and through the isles, the latter reaching winter- quarters 

 in Ireland. Some of those passing down either coast are passage- 

 migrants, and leave the country from western half of southern 

 seaboard. Southward " weather- movements " occur in winter. 

 Passage- migrants arrive on south coast England from late March 

 through April to early May. These join our winter- visitors, which 

 leave much as they arrived throughout April to early, and sometimes 

 mid, May. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. North Europe and north Asia, east to 

 Lena, south to parts of Germany and Austria-Hungary, wintering 

 in central and south Europe, in small numbers to north-west Africa 

 and north-west India. 



TURDUS VISCIVORUS 



156. Turdus viscivorus viscivorus L. THE MISTLE-THRUSH. 



TURDUS VISCIVORUS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 168 (1758 Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality : England ; cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, 

 p. 647, note). 

 Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, Yarrell, i, p. 258 ; Saunders, p. 1. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Kesident. Generally distributed 

 except in higher mountains and treeless districts, and only thinly 

 distributed in north-west Scotland, breeds in most I. Hebrides, 

 but unknown in O. Hebrides except Stornoway (Lewis), where bred 

 1906 and possibly since 1902 ; rare Orkneys, but has bred ; scarce 

 passage- migrant Fair Isle, and rare vagrant Shetlands. First seen 

 in Ireland about 1800 ; has been spreading ever since. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Many, apparently, of our breeding- 

 birds move southwards in late Aug. From mid-Sept, to mid-Nov. 

 small rushes of immigrants at considerable intervals occur from 

 Fife to Norfolk, and probably further north and further south, but 

 apparently less regularly (in Fair Isle and Caithness they appear, 

 however, to be regular). A migration also noted from I. Hebrides 



