76 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



158. Turdus philomelus clarkei Hart. THE BRITISH 

 SONG-THRUSH. 



TURDUS PHILOMELOS CLARKEI Hartert, Bull. B.O.C., xxin, p. 54 (1909 



Great Britain) ; id., Brit. B., iv, p. 131. 



Turdus musicus Linnseus, Yarrell, i, p. 264 (part) ; Saunders, p. 3 (part). 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Generally distributed, 

 but rare in Shetlands. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. In late July and throughout August 

 many, especially breeders in elevated districts, pass south gradually 

 along all coasts. In Sept. and Oct. emigration more pronounced, 

 and " rushes " occur in late Oct. Later on emigratory movements 

 dependent on weather also occur. In Sept. and Oct. also a certain 

 proportion of Irish birds emigrate. Many British Song -Thrushes 

 winter in Ireland as well as further south. The return migration 

 begins on south coasts England and Ireland during Feb., and lasts 

 throughout March, and into April. Irish winter -residents return 

 about late March. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. According to a note by Baron R. 

 Snouckaert van Schauburg. the British form also inhabits Holland 

 (Orn. Monatsber., 1910, p. 158; cf. Brit. B., v, p. 223). 



TURDUS MUSICUS* 



159. Turdus musicus L. THE REDWING. 



TURDUS MUSICUS Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 169 (1758 Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Turdus iliacus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. xn, i, p. 292 (1766 non Linnaeus 



1758 ! The latter is a hopeless mixture, while the name musicus is 



unassailable.) 



Turdus iliacus Linnaeus, Yarrell, i, p. 268 ; Saunders, p. 5. 



Turdus musicus, Hartert, Brit. B., iv, p. 130. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Winter-visitor (mid-Aug. to April 

 and May). Generally distributed. 



MIGRATIONS. British Isles. Similar to those of the Fieldfare. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Breeding in north Europe and north 

 Asia, including Iceland, south in Europe to north-east corner of 

 East Prussia, wintering in south Europe and north-west Africa, 

 Persia, and north-west India. 



* As stated under T. philomelus, the name musicus, as first published, 

 refers to the Redwing, and was only afterwards transferred to the Song-Thrush. 

 The name iliacus was, in the first instance, an inextricable mixture of Song- 

 Thrush, Redwing, and Mistle-Thrush, and could not be employed for the 

 Redwing for this reason, as well as because the latter was already called 

 musicus. E .H. 



