A HAND -LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 127 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Winter-visitor (Oct. -Nov. to March- 

 April, occasionally May). More frequent Scotland than England, 

 rare Ireland. More abundant severe weather. Used to breed 

 Orkneys. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Iceland, north Europe and north Asia, 

 migrating southwards to central and south Europe, central Asia, 

 China, and occasionally Japan. 



CYGNUS BEWICKII 



272. Cygnus bewickii bewickii Yarr. BEWICK'S SWAN. 



CYGNUS BEWICKII Yarrell, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xvi, ii, p. 453 



(1830 England). 



Cygnus bewicki Yarrell, Yarrell, iv, p. 315 ; Saunders, p. 415. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Winter-visitor. Fairly frequent 

 England and Wales in severe winters, and sometimes abundant 

 Scotland, especially in O. Hebrides. In Ireland regular visitor to 

 parts of Ulster, Connaught, and co. Kerry, and in severe winters 

 more numerous and more general. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. North Russia (Petchora), Novaya Zemlia 

 and arctic Asia, but replaced by a larger race in east Siberia (see 

 Ibis, 1907, pp. 650-2). Migrates south to China and Japan and 

 casually to Caspian, central and west Europe less frequently than 

 to British Isles. 



CYGNUS OLOR 



273. Cygnus olor (Gm.) THE MUTE SWAN. 



ANAS OLOR Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, ii, p. 501 (1789 Russia). 

 Cygnus olor (Gmelin), Yarrell, iv, p. 324 ; Saunders, p. 417. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident and generally distributed 

 in a semi -domesticated condition. Originally introduced. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Appears to breed in a wild state in south 

 Scandinavia, Denmark, north Germany, central and south Russia, 

 south-east Europe, and eastwards to Turkestan and Mongolia. 

 Migratory, and wintering in basin of Mediterranean, on Caspian Sea 

 and eastwards, occasionally in north-west India. Found in a semi- 

 domesticated state in many places. 



[NOTE. There is no doubt that the so-called Polish Swan ("Cygnus im- 

 mutabilis") is only an aberrant domesticated and semi-domesticated Mute 

 Swan.] 



[NOTE. An immature bird, supposed to be an example of the AMERICAN 

 TRUMPETER SWAN, Cygnus buccinator Richardson, was shot near Aldeburgh 

 (Suffolk) in Oct., 1866, and is in the Museum of that town (Yarrell, iv, p. 322 ; 

 Saunders, p. 416). Examples of the AMERICAN WHISTLING SWAN, Cygnus 

 columbianus Ord, are stated, " on weak evidence," to have been found in shops 

 of Edinburgh poulterers (Yarrell, iv, p. 322 ; Saunders, p. 416).] 



