A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 139 



and even Borneo, Panama. Porto Rico, Cuba, Hawaiian Islands, 

 and Laysan. 



NYROCA RUFINA* 



297. Nyroca rufina (Pall.) THE RED-CRESTED POCHARD. 



ANAS RUFINA Pallas, Reise d. versch. Prov. d. Russ. Reichs, n, p. 713 



(1773 S. Russia). 



Fuligula rufina (Pallas), Yarrell, iv, p. 407 ; Saunders, p. 441. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Very rare vagrant. Since the first 

 in July, 1818, eight or nine Norfolk, besides flocks of thirteen and 

 four Sept., 1906. A few others recorded (all autumn or winter), 

 chiefly east coast England, as follows : Northumberland (one), 

 Yorks. (one, Jan., 1900), Suffolk (several), Essex (one), mouth of 

 Thames (flock of eighteen), Bucks, and Herts. (Tring Reservoirs, 

 flock), Sussex (flock of 14-16, Jan., 1911), Hants, (one), Dorset (one), 

 Devon (one), Cornwall (one), Pembroke (one), Westmorland (one), 

 Argyll (one), Kerry (one). 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Mediterranean countries to central Asia, 

 exceptionally in Germany and south Hungary, wintering in Mediter- 

 ranean, south-west Asia and in India. Accidental in north Europe, 

 once in United States. 



NYROCA FERINA 



298. Nyroca ferina ferina (L.) THE COMMON POCHARD. 



ANAS FERINA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 126 (1758 Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Fuligula ferina (Linnaeus), Yarrell, iv, p. 413 ; Saunders, p. 443. 



DISTRIBUTION. England and Wales. Resident and winter- visitor. 

 Increasing and now breeds, or has bred, in all maritime counties of 

 east coast, as well as Hants., Dorset, Sussex, Herts., Bucks., Berks., 

 Staffs., Lanes., and possibly Anglesey. In winter more widely 

 dispersed, but irregular in numbers and localities. Scotland. Breeds 

 most parts, but only winter- visitor to Shetlands and mainly so to O. 

 Hebrides , where truly wild birds may have nested. Ireland. Winter- 

 visitor. A pair with young identified in Monaghan, 1907, and said 

 to have bred elsewhere. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Palaearctic region generally from Atlantic 

 Ocean to Japan, breeding chiefly in subarctic portions, wintering in 

 Mediterranean countries east to India, China, and Japan. Replaced 

 by an allied race in North America. 



* The numerous k ' genera " of Ducks distinguished by many authors should 

 be avoided, as they are not sufficiently well-defined, and the oldest name for 

 the group under consideration is Nyroca Fleming, 1822. E.H. 



