A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 161 



COLUMBA GENAS 



346. Columba oenas L. THE STOCK-DOVE. 



COLUMBA OENAS Linngens, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 162 (1758 Europe, 



part. Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Columba aznas Linnaeus, Yarrell, in, p. 8 ; Saunders, p. 481. 



DISTRIBUTION. England and Wales. Resident. Local but widely 

 distributed. In extreme north England has become resident and 

 increased since about 1870. Occasionally observed as immigrant 

 east coast. Scotland. Resident. First recorded about 1860 and 

 first nested about 1877. Has spread rapidly since, and now breeds 

 throughout southern counties, and although not north of Clyde area 

 on west side, on east breeds as far north as Sutherland, where first 

 nest found 1889. To Caithness, Orkneys and Shetlands very rare 

 vagrant and unrecorded from Hebrides. Ireland. Resident. First 

 recorded 1875, and first nest 1877, now breeds (increasingly) in many 

 parts Leinster and Ulster, and as far west as Lough Derg. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe and western Asia, east to Turkes- 

 tan. Northern birds are migratory and winter in Mediterranean 

 countries, south to Algeria and Marocco. 



COLUMBA LIVIA 



347. Columba livia livia Gm. THE ROCK-DOVE. 



COLUMBA LIVIA (C. domestica fi) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, ii, p. 769 (1789 



part. No locality stated ; we accept south Europe as the typical 



locality). 



Columba livia Gmelin, Yarrell, in, p. 13 ; Saunders, p. 483. 



DISTRIBUTION. England and Wales. Resident. Breeds sea-cliffs 

 Yorks., sparingly Devon and Cornwall, one locality Cumberland, 

 and a good many places Welsh coast. Scotland and Ireland. 

 Widely distributed, especially on west coasts and isles. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Found in Faeroes (formerly in Norway), 

 Mediterranean countries and islands, Crimea, north-west Africa and 

 Asia Minor, east to Afghanistan and north-west India. Replaced 

 by allied forms in south Persia, India, China to Japan, Egypt, Nubia 

 to Palestine, and parts of west Africa. 



STREPTOPELIA TURTUR* 



348. Streptopelia turtur turtur (L.) THE TURTLE-DOVE. 



COLUMBA TURTUR Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 164 (1758 " Habitat 



in India." Errore. Ex Willughby, Ray, Albin. Real typical locality r 



England). 



Turtur communis Selby, Yarrell, in, p. 21 ; Saunders, p. 485. 



* Turtur Selby 1835 has been commonly used for this genus, but it is un- 

 fortunately preoccupied by Turtur Boddaert, 1783, instituted for a totally 

 different Pigeon. The next oldest name is Streptopelia Bonaparte 1857. E.H. 



M 



