A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 191 



May (occasionally summer) and Aug. and Sept. (occasionally later). 

 Chiefly south, and east England up to Yorks., where annual but 

 rarer, as it is inland, including midlands. More irregular west coast 

 and Wales. North of Yorks. and Cheshire, rare. Often in flocks. 

 Formerly bred various parts, last records Solway, 1855, Norfolk, 

 1858. Scotland. Occasional Tweed and Forth, rare vagrant else- 

 where, not recorded extreme north nor any islands. Ireland. 

 Rare vagrant to all Provinces. Has occurred July, Nov., and Dec. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Breeds in Europe south of about 60 north 

 lat. Winters in Africa south to Loango in west and (at least) Abys- 

 sinia in east. Eastwards known as far as west Turkestan. Once 

 recorded from Faeroes. Replaced in North America (in summer) 

 and in South America (in winter) by H. nigra surinamensis. 



HYDROCHELIDON LEUCOPAREIA* 



413. Hydrochelidon leucopareia leucopareia (Temm.) THE 

 WHISKERED TERN. 



STERNA LEUCOPAREIA " Natterer " Ternminck, Man. d'Orn., 2nd ed., ii, 



p. 746 (1820 S. Hungary, discovered by Natterer, also Istria, Dalmatia, 



France). 



Hydrochelidon hybrida (Pallas), Yarrell, in, p. 527 ; Saunders, p. 637. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Very rare vagrant. England. 

 Twelve. One Dorset, Aug., 1836. One Yorks., 1842. Two Norfolk, 

 June, 1847, and Oct., 1890. One Scilly Isles, Aug., 1851. One 

 Devon, May, 1865. One Hants., June, 1875. Four Sussex, Aug. 9, 

 1905. One Kent, same date. Scotland. One, Nithsdale (Dum- 

 fries), May 28, 1894. Ireland. One, Dublin Bay, Sept., 1839. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Nests in south Europe as far north as 

 south Hungary and (exceptionally only ?) in Bavaria, also regularly 

 in north Africa, and recorded breeding in Transvaal. Also through- 

 out temperate and warmer Asia to China, though perhaps eastern 

 birds may be separable, and the Australian ones certainly are. 

 Winters in Africa and south Asia. 



HYDROCHELIDON LEUCOPTERAt 



414. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Temm..) THE WHITE- 

 WINGED BLACK TERN. 



STERNA LEUCOPTERA Temminck, Man. d'Orn., p. 483 (1815 Shores of 



the Mediterranean, Swiss lakes, etc.). 



Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Schinz), Yarrell, in, p. 522 ; Saunders, p. 635. 



* Pallas's name dates from 1827 and not from 1811 (cf. Hartert, Vog. pal. 

 Fauna, I, p. 277). The name leucopareia Temm. (not of Natterer ! ) has 

 therefore priority. E.H. 



f Though Temminck's Man. d'Orn. and Meisner and Schinz's Vog. d. 

 Schweiz bear the same date, 1815, Temminck's work appeared before that of 

 Meisner and Schinz, as is clear from p. 265 of the latter volume. E.H. 



