A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 193 



DISTRIBUTION. England. Very rare vagrant. About nineteen 

 obtained and others seen : Northumberland, Yorks., Lines., Suffolk, 

 Hants, (one each), Notts, (two), Dorset (four), Norfolk (nine got and 

 others seen, the last July, 1901, July, 1902, and Aug., 1910). Records 

 from Kent are doubtful. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Locally on coasts of Europe from about 

 60 north lat. southwards (Baltic, Sylt, Mediterranean, Black and 

 Caspian Seas) ; throughout Asia east to China, throughout Malaysia 

 to Australia and New Zealand ; many parts of Africa, chiefly in 

 winter ; also North America, wintering on south Atlantic and Gulf 

 coasts. Northern birds are migratory. 



STERNA SANDVICENSIS* 



417. Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis Lath. THE SAND- 

 WICH TERN. 



STERNA SANDVICENSIS Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl., i, p. 296 (1787 



Kent, etc.). 



Sterna cantiaca Gmelin, Yarrell, in, p. 540 ; Saunders, p. 643. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Summer-resident (end March to 

 Sept.). As a passage-migrant occurs many parts of British coast 

 and occasionally inland. England. Large breeding colonies Fame 

 Isles (Northumberland) and Ravenglass (Cumberland), was not 

 breeding Walney Island (Lanes.), 1901. Only occasionally breeds 

 Kent. Scilly Isles and Norfolk (1893), and has ceased Essex. Scotland. 

 Breeds Kirkcudbright and sporadically on east coast, also breeds 

 Sanday (Orkneys). | Ireland. Several colonies on loughs in Mayo, 

 one in Fermanagh, and occasionally on islands off Down and in 

 Donegal. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. " Atlantic and North Sea coasts from the 

 Orkneys southward to the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the 

 Caspian (breeding) ; in winter along the west coast of Africa to the 

 Cape of Good Hope and up to Natal, down the Red Sea and across 

 Mesopotamia to the Persian Gulf, Mekran coast and Karachi " 

 (Saunders). Represented by Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida in North 

 America, from Carolina to Mexico, and British Honduras, wintering 

 in Florida, Louisiana, Central America, West Indies, and South 

 America. 



* Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xxv, p. 75, says that Latham's name is a 

 " nomen nudum," but this is by no means the case, being based on the 

 " Sandwich Tern" of his General Synopsis, in, ii, p. 356, and Suppl. , i, p. 266,. 

 where the bird is described at length, and therefore his name must be used. 

 E.H. 



f The Rev. J. R. Hale informs us that it breeds on Sanday, and not 

 Xorth Ronaldshay, as stated in Saunders's Manual. 



