A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 199 



and many Ireland. Generally distributed coasts and rivers and 

 frequently inland in winter. Some evidence of immigration from 

 Continent in autumn. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad, Breeds in temperate Europe and A c ia, 

 from Faeroes, south Norway, and Sweden and Archangel southwards 

 to Mediterranean, and eastwards to Kamtschatka. Passes winter 

 in north Africa and south Asia, as far south as India, China, Japan, 

 and Philippines. 



LARUS MELANOCEPHALUS 



428. Larus melanocephalus Temm. --THE MEDITER- 

 RANEAN BLACK-HEADED GULL. 



LARUS MELANOCEPHALUS Natterer, Isis 1818, p. 816 (Chiozza Nomen 

 nudum !) ; Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 2nd ed., p. 777 (1820 Adriatic. 

 First description). 

 Larus melanocephalus Natterer, Yarrell, in, p. 604 ; Saunders, p. 667. 



DISTRIBUTION. England. Three. Immature, Barking Creek 

 (Essex), Jan. 1866. Adult, Breydon (Norfolk), Dec. 26, 1886 

 (Saunders, p. 667). One Yorks. coast Nov., 1895 (Birds Yorks., 

 p. 675). [Two said Falmouth (Cornwall) Mar., 1851, cf. Brit. B., n, 

 p. 328.] 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Inhabits Mediterranean, Bosporus, and 

 Black Seas, and reaches in west to Spain, Portugal, and south-west 

 France, whence occasionally blown as far as mouth of Somme in 

 Channel. 



LARUS ICHTHYAETUS 



429 . Larus ichthyaetus Pall. THE GREAT BLACK-HEADED 

 GULL. 



LARUS ICHTHYAETUS Pallas, Reise d. versch. Prov. d. Russ. Reichs, 

 n, p. 713 (1773 Caspian). 



Larus ichtyaetus Pallas, Yarrell, in, p. 609 ; L. ichthyaetus Pallas, Saunders 

 p. 669. 



DISTRIBUTION. England. One. Adult off Exmouth (Devon), 

 end May or early June, 1859 (F. W. L. Ross, Ann. & Mag. N.H. 



(3), iv, p. 467). 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt to Nubia 

 and Red Sea, Palestine, Black and Caspian Seas, eastwards to 

 Turkestan and Tibet. In winter on coasts of Persian Gulf and 

 Baluchistan, and in India as far as Ceylon and Burmah. 



