214 A HAND-LIST OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



INDIAN GALLINULE, Porphyrio veterum Gm., and the AUSTRALIAN GALLINULE, 

 Porphyrio melanotus Temm., have been captured from time to time, but 

 these had no doubt escaped from captivity or semi-captivity (Yarrell, m, p. 

 170 ; Saunders, p. 518).] 



RALLUS AQUATICUS 



459. Rallus aquaticus aquaticus L. THE WATER-RAIL. 



RALLUS AQUATICUS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 153 (1758 Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : Great Britain). 



Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus, Yarrell, in, p. 159 ; Saunders, p. 515. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident and winter- visitor. Breeds 

 most marshy districts, especially Norfolk and Ireland, but very few 

 records of nesting in Scotland, especially in the north, and has not 

 bred Shetlands, and not for some years Orkneys. In winter com- 

 moner and more widely spread. Well marked immigration Oct. and 

 Nov., north, east, and west coasts Great Britain and Ireland, return 

 generally April not so well marked. Also some emigration autumn 

 on south coast England may indicate southward movement of some 

 home-bred birds or passage of some immigrants. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally, north as far as Iceland 

 (practically resident), Scandinavia, and St. Petersburg, south to 

 Mediterranean, north-west Africa, and Egypt. Exact limit eastwards 

 uncertain, but birds from north-east Asia and eastern parts of India 

 (in winter) are Rallus aquaticus indicus, while Zarudny has separated 

 a Persian race as R. aquaticus korejewi. 



GALLINULA CHLOROPUS 



460. Gallinula chloropus chloropus (L.) THE MOOR-HEN. 



FULICA CHLOROPUS Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 152(1758 Europe. 



Restricted typical locality : England). 



Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus), Yarrell, in, p. 164 ; Saunders, p. 517. 



DISTRIBUTION. British Isles. Resident. Generally distributed, 

 but scarce in northern Shetlands. Subject to local movements, and 

 some evidence of immigration and emigration in autumn, and 

 immigration south coast in spring. 



DISTRIBUTION. Abroad. Europe generally, and nearly whole of 

 Africa, on passage in Atlantic isles, eastwards apparently to 

 Turkestan. Replaced by allied forms in Madagascar, greater part 

 of Asia, America, and Hawaiian Islands. 



FULICA ATRA 



461. Fulica atra atra L. THE COOT. 



FULICA ATRA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 152 (1758 Europe. Re- 

 stricted typical locality : Sweden). 

 Fulica atra Linnaeus, Yarrell, in, p. 171 ; Saunders, p. 519. 



