xv i CONTENTS 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XXVII. ROOTS 219 



Function; Structure; Absorption of water and solutes; 

 Anchorage. 



CHAPTER XXVIII. STEMS 225 



Functions; Kinds; Structure. 



CHAPTER XXIX. REPRODUCTION 232 



Reproduction and nutrition; Flowers; Formation of seeds; 

 Pollination; Seed dispersal. 



CHAPTER XXX. IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS TO MAN 242 



Economic importance; Bacteria; Conditions for growth 

 of bacteria; Bacteria and disease; Decay; Useful bacteria. 



CHAPTER XXXI. ANIMALS 240 



Distribution; Means of distribution; Factors determining 

 distribution;- Barriers to distribution; Animals can not 

 maintain their ground; Change due to new conditions; 

 Adaptation. 



CHAPTER XXXII. GROUPS OF ANIMALS 254 



General statement; Mammals; Birds; Reptiles; Amphi- 

 bians; Fishes; Arthropods; Mollusks; Worms; Echino- 

 derms; Coelenterates ; Porifera; Protozoa. 



CHAPTER XXXIII. LIFE PROCESSES IN ANIMALS 272 



Ameba; Complex animals; Tissues, organs, and systems; 

 Animal functions; Digestion; Respiration; Circulation; 

 Excretion; Motion; Sensitiveness; Reproduction. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. RELATION OF ANIMALS TO MAN 286 



General statement; Animals useful to man; Domesticated 

 animals; Food-supplying animals; Animals supplying 

 clothing; Animals injurious to man; Diseases produced 

 and carried by animals; Animals injurious to crops. 



CHAPTER XXXV. MAN'S PLACE IN NATURE 294 



Classification; Differences between man and other primates; 

 Age and races of man; The human body. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. FOODS 298 



Introduction; Elements in food; Use of food; Foodstuffs; 

 Proteins; Test of protein; Carbohydrates; Starch; Test 

 for starch; Sugar; Test for sugar; Fats and oils; Test 

 for fats and oils; Mineral salts or inorganic foods; Water. 



